India’s first indigenous radar satellite

RISAT-1

It can spy and do a hundred

humdrum things
RISAT-1
•Radar satellite-1 (RISAT-1)
is a state of art of the
Microwave Remote
Sensing Satellite carrying a
Synthetic Aperture
Radar(SAR) Payload
operating in C-band(5.35
GHz), which enables
imaging of the surface
features during both day
and night under all
weather condition’
What is satellite?
• A satellite is an object in
space that orbits or circles
around a bigger object.
There are two kinds of
satellites: natural (such as
the moon orbiting the Earth)
or artificial (such as the
RISAT-1 orbiting the Earth).
• The concept of satellite is
based on circular motion.
• The centripetal force is
supplied by gravity of earth.
• Orbital altitude of Risat-1 is
536 km.
 RISAT-1 Mission

• CbandSAR
• Launched on April 26, 2012 from
Sriharikota, INDIA
• Satellite Mass: 1851 kg
• Launch Vehicle : PSLV C-19 (XL
Version)
 MAJOR FEATURES OF RISAT -1 (SAR)

C-BAND
SYSTEM
5.35 SINGLE/DUAL/
CENTRALIZED GHz
PAYLOAD QUAD/CIRCULAR
CONTROL POLARIZATION

BAQ MULTIMODE
IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM

MULTIPLE CHIRP ACTIVE

BANDWIDTHS & ANTENNA
HIGH SPEED TECHNOLOGY
DIGITIZATION
INCIDENT ANGLE
INDEPENDENT
SWATH AND O
 RISAT-1 Satellite
• Stabilized, 1851 kg mass
• 1800w power & 70AH Ni H
Battery
• 640 Mbps Data Rate (320 Mbps
RHCP, LHStar Sensors & 0.05
deg pointing3-Axis
• CP) & 240 Gb SSR
• Truncated Triangular Prism /
Cuboid structure
RISAT-1 orbits
 What is Remote sensing ?

"Remote sensing is the science

(and to some extent, art) of
acquiring information about the
any surface without actually
being in contact with it. ”
Microwave Remote Sensing.
Electromagnetic radiation in
the microwave wavelength region
is used in remote sensing to
provide useful information about
the Earth's atmosphere, land and
ocean.

A microwave radiometer is a
passive device which records the
natural microwave emission
from the earth.
 What is C-band?

C Band is the original

frequency allocation for
communications
satellites. C-Band uses
3.7-4.2GHz for downlink
and 5.925-6.425Ghz for
uplink. The lower
frequencies that C
Band uses perform
better under adverse
weather conditions
than the Ku band or
Ka band frequencies.
 What is Synthetic Aperture RADAR ?
• SAR is a active Microwave remote sensor capable of operating any time
in all weather conditions like both day and night, through clouds, rains,
haze, dust, fog, smoke.
• SAR overcomes limitations of the optical remote sensors which can
collect data only in clear weather and good illumination conditions.
• In active microwave remote sensing, the scattering characteristics of
the target can be derived from the radar cross section (back scattering
coefficient, σ0) calculated from received power, antenna parameters
and the physical characteristics of the target.
 OPERATION MODES OF RISAT1 - SAR

L=R(λ/l )
Where, L=length of virtual antenna
R=distance from object to satellite
l=length of real antenna
λ= wavelength of microwave

(C)FRS1/ (C)FRS2 MODE

536 km

(C)HRS MODE

(C)CRS MODE

(C)MRS MODE
Fine Resolution Stripmap
mode-1
Fine Resolution Stripmap
mode-2
Scan SAR Mode
High Resolution Spot
mode
 RISAT IMAGE QUALITY PARAMETERS

Single Pol Dual Pol Circular Quad Pol

HH/HV/V HH+HV/ Polarimetry HH+HV+VV+VH
V/VH VV+VH TX: CP
Rx: V and H

High Resolution Spotlight 1-2 m resolution, 10 x 10 Km

Mode (HRS) (10x100 km- Sliding Spot ) Spot
o= -16 dB
Fine Resolution Stripmap 3-6 m resolution 25 Km swath
Mode-1 (FRS-1) o= -17 dB
Fine Resolution Stripmap 6m 9-12 m
Mode-2 (FRS-2) resolution 25 resolution
Km swath 25Km swath
o= -20 dB o= -19dB
Medium Resolution 25 m resolution,115 Km swath
ScanSAR Mode (MRS) o= -17 dB
Coarse Resolution ScanSAR 50 m resolution 223 Km swath
Mode (CRS) o= -17 dB
 RISAT-1 Mission Status
• Initial characterization completed including coverage
over Amazon for calibration
• Data being regularly received at Shadnagar GS of NRSC
& successful test download at Tromso,Northern Norway
• Early valuation studies completed, users have
demonstrated polarimetry
applications with RISAT-1
• FRS, MRS & CRS Mode data released to users
• Operational projects like flood inundation mapping and
rice mapping have been given multi-date data sets
 SAR Applications
• Defence
• Floods
• Agriculture
• Oceanography
• Snow and Glacier
• Soil Moisture
• Geology
• Forestry
• Oil Slick/ Seepage
• Urban Studies
RISAT-1 Data Acquisition
For border nevigation
Use for internal sequrity

Kolkata Namma metro station ,Bengluru

 Rice Mapping

RISAT–1/ MRS
2 date composite
Oct 25, Nov 19, 2012

Sivaganga Area of Tamil Nadu showing Samba rice area (cyan colour)
 Flood Mapping (Bihar,2012)
RISAT-1; Bihar- 20 Sep 2012 Flood Map

Flood
Inundation

• RISAT-1 ScanSAR-MRS mode

- 18 m.
• HH & HV polarized images
acquired .
 Flood Mapping (Lakhimpur, Assam,
2012)
RISAT-1 Image of Assam-16 September 2012 Flood
Map

Flood
Inundation

RISAT-1 MRS mode - 16th September 2012

Oil Spill
 RISAT-1 HYBRID
POLARIMETRYRESULTS

Andaman Sea Pali, Rajasthan Antarctica Tunisia Sea Ice

Andaman Sea SABARMATI OIL SPILL, NORWAY AHMEDABAD

 Coastal Bathymetry using RISAT-1 FRSSAR 130

around north of Mumbai 110

90

70
Wavelength
1 9 (meters)
18 27 36

16.2 0

Depth (meters)
Wavelength (meters)

140 0
Original -2 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
130
120 -4
5 per. Mov. Avg.
) -6
(Original)
(m 110 ) -8
th 100 m
g (
n h
le 90
e tp -10
v e
W 80
a D -12 Original

70 -14
-16 5 per. Mov.Avg.
60 (Original)
50 -18
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 -20
Box Number Box Number