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Excavation 1
Excavation 1
Excavation 1
WSCMC-BOSH
1
AGENDA
WSCMC-BOSH
Introduction
Terminologies
General Requirements Prior to
Excavation
Soil Testing
Soil Type
Maximum Allowable Slopes
Methods of Excavation Protection
Standard Practices
Contributary Factors in Excavation
Collapse
Equipment & Handtools
Heavy Equipment Operator & Spotter
Strategies in Implementation of
2
Excavation Activities
INTRODUCTION
WSCMC-BOSH
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INTRODUCTION (CONT)
WSCMC-BOSH
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INTRODUCTION (CONT)
WSCMC-BOSH
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TERMINOLOGIES
WSCMC-BOSH
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SOIL TYPE
WSCMC-BOSH
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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
SLOPES
WSCMC-BOSH
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STANDARD PRACTICES
WSCMC-BOSH
The walls of every excavation over 1 m (3 ft) deep shall be supported by adequate
shoring and timbering to prevent collapse, provided that this shall not apply to an
excavation:
– in which worker is not required to enter for any purpose
– cut in solid rock
– the walls are sloped to 45 degrees angle from the vertical or cut to the
angle of repose
– in which a worker is engaged in timbering or other work for the purpose of
compliance with this Rule if precautions are taken to ensure his safety
Shoring or timbering in excavation over 6.6 m (20 ft) deep & those installed to
prevent the movement , collapse of an adjacent structure shall be designed by a
Structural Engineer & approved by the proper authority
If excavation remains open for a certain (long) period , barricade & warning
signs are necessary to inform & to warn passers-by. Also, provision of working
lights & flashlights at night are required.
The top of the walls of an excavation more than 2 m (6 ft) deep shall be
barricaded to a height at least 1 m (3 ft) to prevent the fall of workers
Excavated materials shall be impounded at least 1 m away from the edge of the
trench
Excavation or trench more than 4 ft in depth shall be provided with ladders to
facilitate safe entrance & exit. The ladder shall extend from the bottom of the
trench to at least 3 ft above the ground surface for every 50 ft in length
Keep excavated area free of water
Whenever excavation is near to any structure. it is mandatory to provide shoring
Tools and materials shall be kept a minimum of 1 m (3 ft) away from the edge of
the excavation to prevent their being knocked down into the excavation
No vehicle or other machinery shall be driven, operated or located near the edge
of an excavation at least a distance 1/3 of its depth.
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CONTRIBUTARY FACTORS
IN EXCAVATION COLLAPSE
WSCMC-BOSH
EQUIPMENT
– Backhoe
– bulldozer
– wheel Loader
– Grader
– Rock Breaker
HANDTOOLS
– Shovel
– Pickax
– Pneumatic hammer
– etc. 15
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
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BACKHOE
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PNEUMATIC HAMMER
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