TURBO CHARGED ENGINE

PRESENTING BY
M. SUMANTH REDDY
16701A0344
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
M. MARUTHI PRASAD
 CONTENTS
• What is a turbo charger
• why we use
• technology behind
• Parts of a Turbocharger
• Turbocharger Design and Operation
• Turbocharger Size and Response Time
• boost control
• turbo charger failures
• Maintenance / Problem
• Applications
• Advantages of Turbochargers
• Disadvantages of Turbocharger
• Conclusion
• References
 WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?

• It is a turbine driven compressor.

• It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase the
charge mass of air and power of the engine.
• Increase amount of air
• Locate at exhaust side
• Convert exhaust to mechanical work
• Compressor wheel is driven by shaft
• High Compress air in the turbocharger passed to intake
 WHY WE USE ?

 It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust

gases.

 Wide range of power levels.

 Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.

 Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.

 Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.

 TECHNOLOGY BEHIND

• Turbocharger is a turbine driven air

compressor and a forced induction device
powered by exhaust gases from the internal
combustion engine.

• Here, air is compressed twice once during

induction into the engine and secondly
during compression stroke of the engine FIGURE 1: A turbocharger uses some of
the heat energy that would normally
be wasted.
 PARTS OF A TURBOCHARGER

• Turbine
• Compressor
• Bearing system
• Manifold
• Hot lines
• Cold lines
• Lubrication Lines

Figure 2: Parts of a Turbocharger

 TURBOCHARGER DESIGN AND OPERATION

• A turbocharger consists of two chambers

connected by a centre housing.

• The two chambers contain a turbine

wheel and a compressor wheel connected by a
shaft which passes through the centre housing.
FIGURE 3. The exhaust drives the turbine wheel on the
left, which is connected to the impeller wheel on the
right through a shaft. The bushings that support the
shaft are lubricated with engine oil under pressure.
 TURBOCHARGER SIZE AND RESPONSE TIME

 Turbocharger response time is directly related to the size of the turbine and
compressor wheels.

 Small wheels accelerate rapidly; large wheels accelerate slowly.

 While small wheels would seem to have an advantage over larger ones,
they may not

 have enough airflow capacity for an engine.

 To minimize turbo lag, the intake and exhaust breathing capacities of an

engine must

 be matched to the exhaust and intake airflow capabilities of the

turbocharger.
 BOOST CONTROL
 Both supercharged and turbocharged systems are designed to provide a
pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in the intake manifold.

 This increased pressure forces additional amounts of air into the combustion
chamber over what would normally be forced in by atmospheric pressure.

 This increased charge increases engine power.

 BOOST CONTROL WASTE GATE
• A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to increase
boost, which causes the engine to make more
exhaust gases, which in turn increases the boost
from the turbocharger.
• To prevent over boost and severe engine damage,
most turbocharger systems use a waste gate.
• A waste gate is a valve similar to a door that can
open and close.
• The waste gate is a bypass valve at the exhaust
inlet to the turbine.
• It allows all of the exhaust into the turbine, or it can
FIGURE 4. A waste gate is used in the diesel to
route part of the exhaust past the turbine to the control maximum boost pressure.

exhaust system.
 BOOST CONTROL RELIEF VALVES

• A relief valve vents pressurized air from the

connecting pipe between the outlet of the
turbocharger and the throttle whenever
the throttle is closed during boost, such as
during shifts.

FIGURE 5. A blow-off valve is used in some

turbocharged systems to relieve boost
pressure during deceleration.
 TURBOCHARGER FAILURES
 When turbochargers fail to function correctly, a drop in power is
noticed.

 To restore proper operation, the turbocharger must be rebuilt,

repaired, or replaced.

 It is not possible to simply remove the turbocharger, seal any

openings, and still maintain decent drivability.
 Maintenance / Problem
 LACK OF OIL

 DIRTY OIL

 MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF VANE WHEELS

 WASTEGATE CONTROL PROBLEMS

 OIL CAKING
 APPLICATIONS
 Petrol-powered cars

 Diesel-powered cars

 Motorcycles

 Trucks

 Aircraft

 Marine and land-based Diesel turbochargers

 ADVANTAGES OF TURBOCHARGERS
 1.Safety:
Vehicles become more responsive and safer to drive with a turbocharged
engine as it can generate as much as seven times more power as compared to a non-
turbocharged engine. Additionally, turbochargers are also able to prevent the loss of
power at higher altitudes where regular engines will produce lesser power due to lower air
pressure.
 2.Petrol Consumption:
As the overall turbocharged engine size is smaller, less petrol will then be
required to produce the same amount of power as a non-turbocharged engine. This
advantage can then be translated into a significant petrol cost savings.
 3.Eco-friendly:
Petrol combustion is easier and more thorough with a turbocharged engine
as more air are delivered to the engine by the turbocharger. The result of this is a much
cleaner process with lesser environmentally unfriendly NOx and CO2 emissions being
produced by a turbocharged engine.
 4.Noise Pollution:
Turbocharger has the ability to silence any generated noise with its role as an
additional silencer. Furthermore, all thanks to its smaller engine size, the sound-radiating outer
surface is also smaller, thus will be less noisy.

 5.Driving Pleasure:
Driving is made a real pleasure with a turbocharged engine as turbochargers
deliver more power output and a greater torque, which in turns improve your vehicle’s
performance on the road.
DISADVANTAGES OF TURBOCHARGER
 Installation
 System
 Cost

 Driving
 CONCLUSION
 It’s a forced induction device

 Increasing the efficiency of an engine

 Too much boost can result into pre-ignition and knocking

 Half's the fuel consumption in an engine

 REFERENCES
 www.wikepedia.org
 www.superchevy.com
 www.explara.com
 www.turbobygarrett.com
THANK YOU