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Robbins Mgmt13e Matrikulasi3
Robbins Mgmt13e Matrikulasi3
Robbins Mgmt13e Matrikulasi3
CHANGE AND
INNOVATION
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2016 Pearson
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Compare and contrast views on the change process.
2. Classify types of organizational change.
3. Explain how to manage resistance to change.
• Know how to be change ready by overcoming your resistance
to change.
4. Discuss contemporary issues in managing change.
• Develop your skill in change management so you can serve
as a catalyst for change.
5. Describe techniques for stimulating innovation.
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TWO VIEWS OF THE CHANGE PROCESS
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EXHIBIT 7-1
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES FOR
CHANGE
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EXHIBIT 7-2
THE THREE-STEP CHANGE PROCESS
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Pearson Education,
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WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE?
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TYPES OF CHANGE
• Structure
- Changing an organization’s structural components or its structural
design
• Technology
– Adopting new equipment, tools, or operating methods that displace
old skills and require new ones
• Automation – replacing certain tasks done by people with
machines
• Computerization
• People
– Changing attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviors of the
workforce
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EXHIBIT 7-3
THREE TYPES OF CHANGE
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CHANGING PEOPLE
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EXHIBIT 7-4
POPULAR OD TECHNIQUES
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WHY DO PEOPLE RESIST CHANGE?
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TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
• Education and communication
• Participation
• Facilitation and support
• Negotiation
• Manipulation and co-optation
• Coercion
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EXHIBIT 7-5
TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING RESISTANCE TO
CHANGE
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CHANGING ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
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UNDERSTANDING THE SITUATIONAL
FACTORS
• Dramatic Crisis – an unexpected financial setback,
the loss of a major customer, or a dramatic
technological innovation by a competitor.
• Leadership changes hands – new top leadership
can provide an alternative set of key values.
• The organization is young and small.
• Culture is weak.
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EXHIBIT 7-6
CHANGING CULTURE
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EMPLOYEE STRESS
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WHAT CAUSES STRESS?
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WHAT CAUSES STRESS? (CONT.)
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PERSONAL FACTORS THAT CAN CREATE
STRESS
• Type A Personality – people who have
a chronic sense of urgency and an
excessive competitive drive.
• Type B personality – people who are
relaxed and easygoing and accept
change easily.
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EXHIBIT 7-7
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
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HOW CAN STRESS BE REDUCED?
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EXHIBIT 7-8
CHANGE-CAPABLE ORGANIZATIONS
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STIMULATING INNOVATION
• Creativity – the ability to combine ideas in
a unique way or to make an unusual
association.
• Innovation – turning the outcomes of the
creative process into useful products,
services, or work methods.
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EXHIBIT 7-9
INNOVATION VARIABLES
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STRUCTURAL VARIABLES
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STRUCTURAL VARIABLES (CONT.)
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CULTURAL VARIABLES
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CULTURAL VARIABLES (CONT.)
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CULTURAL VARIABLES (CONT.)
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HUMAN RESOURCE VARIABLES
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INNOVATION AND DESIGN THINKING
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE 7.1
• Compare and contrast views on the
change process.
– Calm waters metaphor – change is an occasional
disruption and can be planned and managed as it
happens.
– White-water rapids metaphor – change is ongoing
and managing it is a continual process.
– Lewin’s three-step model – unfreezing, changing,
and refreezing.
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE 7.2
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE 7.3
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REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE 7.4
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