ANATOMY OF THE EYE

JI JOAQUIN
 INTRODUCTION

 eye is a specialized sense organ that helps us to

understand our environment. It is a sensory unit
composed of three parts: receptor, sensory pathway, and
a brain center.
 ORBIT
 bony cavity which
houses the eyeball
 4 Walls -
ROOF,FLOOR,
MEDIAL AND
LATERAL WALL
 30 mL in volume
 has an apex where
nerves and vessels
emerge. site of origin
of ALL EOMs except
INFERIOR OBLIQUE
 BLOOD SUPPLY
 OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
 CENTRAL RETINAL
ARTERY
 LACRIMAL ARTERY
 MUSCULAR BRANCHES
 LONG AND SHORT
POSTERIOR CILIARY
ARTERY
 MEDIAL PALPEBRAL
ARTERIES
 VENOUS DRAINAGE
 The ophthalmic veins
communicate with the
cavernous sinus via SOF
and the pterygoid venous
plexus via the inferior
orbital fissure.
 The SOV is formed from
the supraorbital and
suparatrochlear veins
which drain the skin.
 * potential communication
between skin infection and
cavernous sinus causing
thrombosis
 EYEBALL

 Roughly spherical
 approximately 24.5 mm
(less than an
 inch) in length
 about 5mL in total volume

The three tunics are:

I- An external fibrous tunic
II- A middle vascular tunic
III- An internal tunic
 CONJUNCTIVA
 Thin transparent mucous membrane which covers
the posterior surface of the eyelid (palpebral
conjunctiva) and the anterior surface of the sclera
(bulbar conjunctiva)
 composed of two to five layers of stratified
columnar epithelial cells
 contains glands which help in ocular lubrication
 Blood Supply
 anterior ciliary artery
 palpebral arteries
 Nerve Supply
 first division of the trigeminal nerve
 TENON'S CAPSULE

 A fibrous membrane that

envelopes the globe from
the limbus to the optic
nerve
 continuous with the
EOM’s
 thickens to form check
ligaments
 I. FIBROUS TUNIC
SCLERA-Fibrous outer protective coating of
the eye. composed of dense bands of well
hydrated connective tissue.
EPISCLERA-Fine elastic tissue containing
blood vessels and covers the anterior
surface of the sclera
CORNEA-Transparent tissue which
accounts for most of the refractive power of
the eye
 thicker at the limbus, and thinner at the
center
 5 layers:epithelium, Bowman’s layer,
Corneal stroma, Descemet’s layer and
Endothelium
 II. VASCULAR TUNIC

IRIS
 Flat anterior extension of the ciliary
body
 has a central round aparture known
as the pupil
 divides the anterior from the
posterior chamber

CILIARY BODY
 Extends from the choroid to the iris
 divided into the pars plicata and pars
plana
 point of suspension of the lens
 II. VASCULAR TUNIC

CHOROID
 Posterior segment of the
uveal tract in between the
retina and sclera
 joins the ciliary body
anteriorly
 choroidal blood vessels
nourish outer portion of the
retina
 LENS

 Biconvex, avascular,
colorless and transparent
structure
 second most powerful
refractive tissue
 held in place by
suspensory ligaments
known as zonules
 accommodates to facilitate
near vision
 ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE

 Schwalbe’s line
 Schlem’s canal
 Trabecular meshwork
 Scleral spur
 III. INNER TUNIC

RETINA
 Thin, semitransparent,
multilayered sheet of
neural tissue
 lines the inner aspect of
the posterior two thirds of
the globe
 terminates anteriorly as
the ora serrata
 Layers of the Retina

1. Internal limiting membrane

2. Nerve fiber layer
3. Ganglion cell layer
4. Inner plexiform layer
5. Inner nuclear layer
6. Outer plexiform layer
7. Outer nuclear layer
8. External limiting membrane
9. Photoreceptor layer (rods and
cones)
10. Retinal pigment epithelium
 Blood Supply of the Retina

 Choriocapillaries
 outer third of the retina
 Central Retinal Artery
 inner two thirds of the
retina
 III. INNER TUNIC

MACULA
 Center of the posterior retina
 responsible for fine central
vision
 has yellow pigment
(xantophyll)
 histologically empty space
tends to the accumulation of
extracellular material that
cause thickening
 III. INNER TUNIC

VITREOUS
 Clear, avascular, gelatinous
body
 comprises 2/3 of the
volume of the eye
 99% water ; 1% hyaluronic
acid and collagen
 firmly attached to the pars
plana and ora serrata
 Extraocular Muscles

 Rectus Muscles
 superior rectus
 inferior rectus
 medial rectus
 lateral rectus
 Oblique Muscles
 Superior oblique
 Inferior oblique
 Nerve Supply of EOMS

 Oculomotor nerve innervates

medial, inferior and superior
rectus muscles as well as the
inferior oblique muscle
 Abducens nerve innervates
the lateral rectus muscles
 Trochlear nerve innervates the
superior oblique muscle
 Blood Supply of the EOMS

 Muscular branches of the

ophthalmic artery
 Lateral rectus also
receives additional supply
from lacrimal artery
 Inferior oblique also
receives additional supply
from the infraorbital artery
 Ocular Adnexa

 Eyebrows
 thickened skin covered with
hair
 Eyelids
 modified folds of skin
 closes to protect the eyeball
 blinks to lubricate cornea
 EYELIDS

 Skin Layer
 Orbicularis Oculi
 Areolar tissue
 Tarsal plate
 Palpebral conjunctiva
 Lid Margins

 Eyelashes
 Glands of Zeis
 Glands of Moll
 Meibomian glands
 lacrimal punctum
 Palpebral Fissure

 Elliptical space between

the two eyelids
 terminates at the lateral
and medial canthi
 Orbital septum

 Fascia behind the portion

of orbicularis muscle and
serves as a barrier
between the lid and the
orbit
 Lid retractors

 Responsible for opening the

eyelids
 levator palpebrae superioris
muscle
 aponeurosis
 meuller’s muscle
 Lower lid retractor
 inferior rectus, extends with the
inferior oblique and insert into
the lower border of the tarsal
plate
 Nerve Supply of the Eyelid

 First and second division

of the trigeminal nerve
 Ophthalmic
 lacrimal, supraorbital,
supratrochlear,infratrochle
ar, external nasal nerves
 Maxillary
 Infraorbital,
zygomaticofacial,
zygomaticotemporal
nerves
 Blood Supply
 lacrimal and ophthalmic
areteries
 Venous drainage
 ophthalmic vein
 Lymphatic drainage
 Temporal eyelids - pre-
auricular and parotid nodes
 Nasal eyelids - submandibular
nodes
 Lacrimal Apparatus

 Lacrimal glands
 accessory lacrimal glands
of Krauss and Wolfring
 Puncta
 Canaliculi
 Lacrimal sac
 Nasolacrimal duct
 LACRIMAL GLAND

 Blood supply - lacrimal

artery
 Venous drainage -
ophthalmic vein
 Lymphatic drainage -
preauricular lymph nodes
 Nerve supply - lacrimal
nerve, great superficial
petrosal nerve,
sympathetic nerves
 OPTIC NERVE
 Consists of 1 million axons
from ganglion cells of the
retina
 emerges from the sclera on
the nasal portion of the globe
 25 - 30mm long in the orbital
segment
 goes through optic canal
 10mm intracranial course
 joins optic chiasm