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 ALBERT EINSTEIN
• There are a number of points I'd like to make:
• 1. Early life and education.
• 2. All against Einstein
• 3. Scientific trajectory.
• 4. The articles of 1905.
• 5. Photoelectric effect.
• 6. The theory of relativity.
• 7. Political activity.
• 8. Death.
 1. Early life and education.

• 1. Early life and education. Albert Einstein was born in the city of Ulm on March
14, 1879. He was the eldest son of Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch, both
Jews, whose families came from Swabia. The following year they moved to
Munich, where the father settled down, along with his brother Jakob, like trader in
the electrotechnical novelties of the time. Little Albert was a quiet child, and had a
slow intelectual development. In 1894 he moved to Milan; Einstein remained in
Munich to finish his secondary studies. In the autumn of 1896 he began his
studies at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule in Zurich, where he was a
student of the mathematician Hermann Minkowski. In 1903 he married Mileva
Maric, a former classmate in Zurich, with whom he had two children: Hans Albert
and Eduard, born respectively in 1904 and 1910. In 1919 they divorced, and
Einstein remarried with his cousin Elsa.
 2. All against Einstein

• 2. All against Einstein. The controversial figure of the German

scientist aroused bitter debates in his day. A group of enemies of
his theories in Nazi Germany came to create an association against
him, and even a man was accused of promoting his murder. To
make matters worse, the book entitled A hundred authors against
Einstein, whose purpose was evident, was published. Genius
merely said, "Why a hundred? If I were wrong, I would only have
one”.
 3. Scientific trajectory.

• 3. Scientific trajectory. In 1901 appeared the first scientific work of

Einstein: it was about the capillary attraction. He published two
papers in 1902 and 1903 on the statistical foundations of
thermodynamics, corroborating experimentally that the temperature
of a body is due to the agitation of its molecules, a theory still
discussed at that time.
 4. The articles of 1905.

• 4. The articles of 1905. In 1905 he finished his doctorate presenting

a thesis titled “A new determination of the molecular dimensions”.
That same year he wrote four fundamental articles on small and
large-scale physics. In them he explained the Brownian motion, the
photoelectric effect and developed special relativity and mass-
energy equivalence. Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect
would provide him with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
 5. Photoelectric effect.

• 5. Photoelectric effect. The first of his articles of 1905 was titled "A
heuristic point of view on the production and transformation of
light". In it Einstein proposed the idea of "how much" light (now
called photons) and showed how this concept could be used to
explain the photoelectric effect. Why is this important? This article
constituted one of the basic pillars of quantum mechanics.
 6. The theory of relativity.

• 6. The theory of relativity. In November 1915, Einstein presented a

series of lectures at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in which he
described the theory of general relativity. The last of these talks
concluded with the presentation of the equation that replaces
Newton's law of gravity. The theory provided the basis for the study
of cosmology and made it possible to understand the essential
characteristics of the Universe, many of which would not be
discovered until after Einstein's death.
 7. Political activity.

• 7. Political activity. The events of World War I pushed Einstein to

engage politically, taking sides. He feels contempt for violence,
bullying, aggression, injustice. He was one of the most well-known
members of the German Democratic Party (DDP). Albert Einstein
was a convinced pacifist.
 8. Death.

• 8. Death. On April 16, 1955, Albert Einstein experienced an internal

hemorrhage caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm,
which had previously been surgically reinforced by Dr. Rudolph Nissen in
1948. Einstein rejected the surgery, saying, "I want to leave when I want.
It is bad taste to artificially prolong life. I've done my part, it's time to go. I
will do it with elegance". He died at Princeton Hospital early on April 18,
1955 at 76 years of age. On the table was the draft of the speech before
millions of Israelis for the seventh anniversary of the independence of
Israel that would never pronounce, and that began: "Today I speak not as
a US citizen, nor as a Jew, but as a being human”. That's all I have to say
about the life of the most important genius of the 20th century
 REFERENCES

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
https://www.revistadelibros.com/articulos/bibliografia-sobre-albert-
einstein