Chapter 8: Screws, Fasteners and The Design of Nonpermanent Joints

ME 307
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Design I
Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune Chapter 8: Screws, Fasteners and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints CH-8 LEC 39 Slide 1
ME 307
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8-1 Thread Standards and Definitions

8-2 The Mechanics of Power Screws
8-3 Strength Constraints
8-4 Joints-Fasteners Stiffness
8-5 Joints-Member Stiffness
8-6 Bolt Strength
8-7 Tension Joints-The External Load
8-8 Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension
8-9 Statically Loaded Tension Joint with Preload
8-10 Gasketed Joints
8-11 Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints
8-12 Shear Joints
8-13 Setscrews
8-14 Keys and Pins
8-15 Stochastic
Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune
Considerations
Chapter 8: Screws, Fasteners and the Design of Nonpermanent Joints CH-8 LEC 39 Slide 2
ME 307
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8-12 Shear Joints

8-13 Setscrews
8-14 Keys and Pins
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8-12 Shear Joints

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 Joints should be loaded in shear so that the fasteners see no

additional stress beyond the tightening.
 Shear loading is resisted in two ways:
• The shear load is carried by friction between the members and
ensured by the clamping action of the bolts or cap screws.
• The shear load is carried by dowel pins in reamed holes, placed
in both parts while clamped together to ensure alignment. The
dowels will carry the shear load.
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Bolt loaded in double shear.
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Failure modes due to shear loading of riveted fasteners. (a) Bending of

member; (b) shear of rivet; (c) tensile failure of member; (d) bearing of
rivet on member or bearing of member on rivet.
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Centroid of pins, rivets or bolts

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 Integral to the analysis of a shear joint is

locating the center of relative motion
between two members.
 In Fig. 8-23 let A1 to A5 be the respective
cross-sectional areas of a group of 5 points,
or hot driven members. Under this
assumption the rotational pivot point lies
in the centroid of the cross-sectional area
pattern of the pins, rivets or bolts.
 The centroid G is located by x and y ,
where xi and yi are the distances to the
ith area center
Figure 8-23 Centroid of pins, rivets, or
bolts.
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Centroid of pins, rivets or bolts

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A1 x1  A2 x2  A3 x3  A4 x4  A5 x5 Ax i i
x  1
A1  A2  A3  A4  A5 n
A 1
i
(8-49)
n
A1 y1  A2 y2  A3 y3  A4 y4  A5 y5 Ay i i
y  1
A1  A2  A3  A4  A5 n
A 1
i
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An example an eccentric loading of fasteners is shown in Figure 8-24.
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If bolts are not same size only bolts with maximum load should
be considered
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See Example 8-6 and 8-7(Textbook)

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8-13 Setscrews
Machine
Design I
 Used to prevent relative motion between the two parts.

 Unlike bolts and screws, which depend on tension to develop a clamping force,
the setscrew depends on compression to develop the clamping force.
 A set screw is screwed through a threaded hole in one part so that its point
presses against the other part.
 A set screw is
screwed through
a threaded hole
in one part so
that its point
presses against
the other part.
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8-13 Setscrews
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 Setscrews depend on compression to develop a clamping force
 The resistance to axial motion of the collar or hub relative to the shaft
is called holding power.
 This holding power, is a force resistance due to frictional resistance of

the contacting portions of the collar and shaft as well as any slight
penetration of the setscrew into the shaft.
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 Table 8-18 lists values of the seating torque and the

Table 8-18
corresponding holding power for inch-series setscrews.
 The values listed apply to both axial holding power and

resisting torsion.
 Typical factors of safety are 1.5 and 2.0 for static loads
and 4 to 8 for various dynamic loads.
 Setscrews should have a length of about half of the shaft

diameter.
 This practice also provides a rough rule for the radial

thickness of a hub or collar.
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8-13 Keys and Pins

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 Keys and pins are used on

shafts to secure rotating
elements, such as gears,
pulleys, or other wheels.
 Keys are used to enable the

transmission of torque from
the shaft to the shaft-
supported elements.
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8-13 Keys and Pins

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 Pins are used for axial positioning and for the transfer of torque or thrust or
both.
 Pins are useful when the principal loading is shear and when both torsion and
thrust are present.
 Taper pins are sized according to the diameter at the large end.
 Some of the most useful sizes of these are listed in Table 8-19.
 The diameter of the small end is

d  D  0.0208 L (8-51)

where d = diameter at small end, in
D = diameter at large end, in
L = length, in
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Square Keys
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 The standard sizes of square and rectangular

keys, together with the range of applicable
shaft diameters are listed in Table 8-20.
 The length of key is based on the hub length

and the torsional load to be transferred .
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Gib-Head Key
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 It is tapered. When firmly driven, it acts to prevent relative axial motion.

This also gives the advantage that the hub position can be adjusted for
the axial location.
 Head makes
removal possible
without access to
the other end, but
the projection may
be hazardous.
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Woodruff Key
Machine
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 It is useful when a wheel is to

be positioned against a shaft
shoulder.
 It also yields better

concentricity after assembly of
the wheel and shaft.
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 Dimensions for some standard Woodruff key sizes can be found in Table 8-
21, and Table 8-22 gives shaft diameters for which the different keyseat
widths are suitable.
 Stress-concentration factors for keyways depend for their values upon
the fillet radius at the bottom and ends of the keyway.
 For fillet cut by standard milling-machine cutters, Peterson charts give Kt =
2.4 for bending and Kts = 2.62 for torsion.
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Retaining Ring
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 A retaining ring is frequently used instead of a shaft shoulder or a sleeve to

axially position a component on a shaft or in a housing bore.
 A groove is cut in
the shaft or bore
to receive the
spring retainer.
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Chapter 8: Screws, Fasteners and The Design of Nonpermanent Joints

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Chapter 8: Screws, Fasteners and The Design of Nonpermanent Joints

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ME 307

8-1 Thread Standards and Definitions

8-12 Shear Joints

8-12 Shear Joints

 Joints should be loaded in shear so that the fasteners see no

Bolt loaded in double shear.

Failure modes due to shear loading of riveted fasteners. (a) Bending of

Centroid of pins, rivets or bolts

 Integral to the analysis of a shear joint is

Centroid of pins, rivets or bolts

See Example 8-6 and 8-7(Textbook)

 Used to prevent relative motion between the two parts.

 Setscrews depend on compression to develop a clamping force

 This holding power, is a force resistance due to frictional resistance of

 Table 8-18 lists values of the seating torque and the

 The values listed apply to both axial holding power and

 Setscrews should have a length of about half of the shaft

 This practice also provides a rough rule for the radial

8-13 Keys and Pins

 Keys and pins are used on

 Keys are used to enable the

8-13 Keys and Pins

 The diameter of the small end is

 The standard sizes of square and rectangular

 The length of key is based on the hub length

 It is tapered. When firmly driven, it acts to prevent relative axial motion.

 It is useful when a wheel is to

 It also yields better

 A retaining ring is frequently used instead of a shaft shoulder or a sleeve to

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