Organization, Management, and

Leadership in Facility Management

Chapter 1
 Organization
• Two or more people interact to achieve a
common objective
– Families, Clubs, Small Businesses, Professional
Sports Teams, Nonprofit Organizations
• Environments
– General
– Task
– Internal
General Environment
• External Factors such as legal/political, international,
technological, economic, and social

Task Environment
• External Factors such as customers, competitors,
suppliers, that interact directly with the organization

Internal Environment

• Internal Factors such as organizational structure,

personnel, policies, which the organization has a
large degree of control.
 Organizational Behavior
• Study of individuals and small groups within
the organization and the characteristics of the
environment in which the people work
– Job satisfaction
– Leadership style
– Communication
– Team-building
– Motivation
 Organizational Theory
• Study of the design and structure of
organizations
• Assists managers in their daily challenges of
managing an organization
• Provides a better understanding of the way
sport organizations are structured and
designed, how they operate, and why some
are more effective than others
 Organizational Culture
• Shared philosophies, values, beliefs, and
behavior patterns that form the organization’s
core identity
– Rituals
– Rewards and promotion systems
– Tasks
– Pay systems
– Jargon
 Governance = Organization Design, Authority, and Power
Governance
• Combination of organizational structure or design, authority, and locus of
power
• Responsible for the development of policies and implementation procedures

Organization
• Groups of individuals with a common goal bound together by a set of
authority-responsible relationships, are required wherever groups of people
work together to reach common goals
• Resources should be organized and coordinated by management into
effective and efficient operation

Organizing
• Developing a formal structure
• Grouping various activities
• Establishing connections
• Subdividing tasks
 Governance = Organization Design, Authority, and Power
Organizational Chart (Authority)
• division of labor
• chain/unity of command (COC)
• management levels
• bureaucracy
• “game plan”
• link superiors and subordinates together through the
entire organization

Organizations
• Line
• Line and staff
 Management
Functions:
• Planning
• Organizing
• Leading
• Controlling
 Management
Why it’s Needed:
• Establish objectives
• Maintain balance among stakeholders
• Achieve efficiency and effectiveness
 Leadership
• Recognize your leadership potential
• Manage yourself before others
• Self-expression

Lear’s success with four simple, but complex steps:

• Becoming self-expressive
• Listening to the inner voice
• Learning from the right mentors
• Giving oneself over to a guiding vision
10 Characteristics of a True Leader
• Eager
• Cheerful
• Honest
• Resourceful
• Persuasive
• Cooperative
• Altruistic
• Courageous
• Supportive
• Assertive
 Leadership
Leaders carry their followers along by:
• Inspiring their trust
• Acting consistently
• Motivating them by words and deeds

* Willingness to accept responsibility and the ability to

develop three skills that can be acquired through
practice; elicit the cooperation of others, listen well,
and place the needs of others above your own needs*
Common Ingredients of Leaders
• Guiding vision
• Passion
• Integrity
• Trust
• Curiosity
• Daring
 10 Ways to Master Leadership Skills
• Prepare
• Volunteer
• Keep an open mind
• Give speeches
• Develop discipline
• Meet deadlines
• Stay in touch
• Listen
• Cooperate
• Do things for others
 Leaders and Managers
Manager Leader
Administers Innovates
Copies Original
Maintains Develops
Focuses on systems and structure Focuses on people
Has short-range view Long-range perspective
Relies on control Inspires trust
Asks how and when Asks what and why
Watches the bottom line Eye on the horizon
Imitates Originates
Accepts status quo Challenges status quo
Is the classic good soldier His own person
Does things right Does the right thing
Wears square hats Wears sombreros
Learns through training Learns through education
 Types of Leaders
• Autocratic
• Democratic
• Laissez-faire
• Task-oriented or production-oriented
• People-oriented or employee-oriented
 Leadership Theories
• Behavioral
– Theory X
– Theory Y
– Theory Z
• Contingency-situational
• Life-Cycle
• Traitist