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Lect2 4
Lect2 4
Section 2-6
M A R I O F. T R I O L A
Copyright © 1998, Triola,
Copyright © 1998, Triola,Elementary
Elementary Statistics Statistics
Addison Wesley Longman 1
Addison Wesley Longman
Measure of Position
x
z= s– x
x – x z= x – µ
z= s s
x – x z= x – µ
z= s s
round to 2 decimal places
Copyright © 1998, Triola, Elementary Statistics
Addison Wesley Longman 6
FIGURE
Interpreting Z Scores
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
Quartiles, Deciles,
Percentiles
Q1 Q2 Q3
10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
or
k th Percentiles
(for a given number k)
Fractiles
Fractiles
partitions data into approximately equal parts
Q2 = P50
Q3 = P75
Semi-interquartile Range: Q3 – Q1
2
Midquartile: Q1+ Q3
2
10 -90 Percentile Range: P90 - P10
Semi-interquartile Range: Q3 – Q1
2
Midquartile: Q1 + Q3
2
10 -90 Percentile Range: P90 - P10
Semi-interquartile Range: Q3 – Q1
2
Midquartile: Q1 + Q3
2
10–90 Percentile Range: P90 – P10
M A R I O F. T R I O L A
Copyright © 1998, Triola, Elementary Statistics
Copyright © 1998, Triola, Elementary Statistics
30
Addison Wesley Longman
Addison Wesley Longman
Exploratory Data Analysis
Used to explore data at a
preliminary level
Few or no assumptions are made
about the data
Tends to involve relatively simple
calculations and graphs
5 - number summary
Minimum
first quartile Q1
Median
third quartile Q3
Maximum
Copyright © 1998, Triola, Elementary Statistics
Addison Wesley Longman 33
Boxplots
Box-and-Whisker Diagram
60 68.5 78
52 90
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Normal
Normal Uniform
100
90
80
PULSE
70
60
50
40
1 2
(yes) SMOKE (No)