TAXONOMIC

NOMENCLATURE
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
ARISTOTLE
 FIRST TO CLASSIFIED
ORGANISMS
 CLASSIFIED BEINGS
ACCORDING TO THEIR PARTS
(LIVE BIRTH, NUMBER OF LEGS,
LAYING EGGS, HAVING
BLOOD, OR BEING WARM –
BLOODED)
 SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS

LIVING THINGS

PLANTS ANIMALS

SMALL MEDIUM LARGE LAND WATER AIR

SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
CAROLUS LINNEAUS
(CARL VON LINNE) (1735)
 FATHER OF TAXONOMY
 LINNEAN TAXONOMY
 SYSTEMA NATURAE (1ST
EDITION)
 SPECIES PLANTARUM
 SYSTEMA NATURAE (10TH
EDITION)
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS

KINGDOM

VEGETABLIA ANIMALIA
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS

ERNST HAECKEL (1866)

 PROPOSED KINGDOM
PROTISTA
 THREE – KINGDOM SCHEME
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS

CHATTON (1925)
 TWO EMPIRES
 PROKARYOTA AND
EUKARYOTA
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
HERBERT COPELAND (1938)
PROPOSED KINGDOM MONERA
INCLUDES BOTH BACTERIA AND BLUE – GREEN
ALGAE
FOUR – KINGDOM SCHEME
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
ROBERT WHITTAKER (1969)
FIVE – KINGDOM SCHEME
MOST WIDELY USED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
 SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
KINGDOM PLANTAE KINGDOM ANIMALIA

KINGDOM
FUNGI
 SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
KINGDOM MONERA KINGDOM PROTISTA
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
CARL WOESE (1977)
 SIX KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
 DIVIDED KINGDOM MONERA INTO: ARCHAEBACTERIA
AND EUBACTERIA
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
CARL WOESE AND ERNST MAYR
 ADVOCATED THE USE OF A NEW CATEGORY CALLED
THE DOMAIN
SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
DOMAIN KINGDOM
PROKARYOTA MONERA

KINGDOM
LIFE PLANTAE

KINGDOM
ANIMALIA
DOMAIN
EUKARYOTA
KINGDOM
FUNGI

KINGDOM
PROTISTA
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION

 FORMALLY ESTABLISHED BY CAROLUS LINNAEUS IN HIS

BOOK SYSTEMA NATURAE IN 1735
 CLASSIFY ORGANISMS INTO CATEGORIES FROM
HIGHEST LEVEL DOWN TO LOWEST LEVEL
 LARGER GROUPINGS HAVE MANY ORGANISMS WITH
FEW MAJOR SIMILARITIES
 SMALLER GROUPINGS HAVE FEW ORGANISMS WITH
MORE SIMILARITIES
 TAXON = REFERS TO SPECIFIC EXAMPLE IN A
CATEGORY
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
DEAR
KING
PHILIP
CAME
OVER
FOR
GOOD
SPAGHETTI
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
BINOMIAL SYSTEM

 ALSO CALLED BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

 SCIENTIFIC NAME or SPECIFIC EPITHET
 DEVELOPED BY CAROLUS LINNAEUS
 PROVIDES A UNIFORM MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
FOR ALL PEOPLE. THIS AVOIDS THE CONFUSION
CAUSED BY ORGANISMS WITH DIFFERENT COMMON
NAMES IN DIFFERENT AREAS.
 USES LATIN LANGUAGE
BINOMIAL SYSTEM

THE FORMAT IS:

Genus species (typed on electronic devices) or
Genus species (handwritten)
Example: Musca domestica (housefly)
BINOMIAL SYSTEM

 THE GENUS NAME IS CAPITALIZED AND MAY BE

ABBREVIATED BY THE FIRST INITIAL. THE SPECIES NAME IS
NOT CAPITALIZED AND CANNOT BE USED ALONE.
EXAMPLE:
Musca domestica
M. domestica
 BINOMIAL SYSTEM

E. coli
Musca domestica

Canis familiaris