Solid Superstructure

Igloo

 The structural principle of the igloo is the same as any dome or

arch. Gravity pulls all objects toward each other – effectively, toward the
center of the earth, or down.
 Each block in an igloo’s curve is pulled straight down but prevented from
falling by the blocks around it.
 The center block (keystone) can’t fall because its top is wider than its base,
so instead it rests on the blocks all around it
 Forces are transferred from one to
the next until they reach the
ground.
 That transfer also caused them to
want to push outward so careful
attention must be paid to the
base or it will simply slide outward
and collapse the dome.
Cross Wall Construction

 Cross wall construction is a form of construction in which load bearing

walls provide the primary vertical support and lateral stability for
precast floors. External wall panels, lift cores or staircases are used to
provide the required longitudinal stability. Bridging components such
as floors, roofs and beams are supported by the load bearing
walls or façade wall
 Crosswall systems can offer significant time and cost savings in comparison
to traditional building techniques as the components can often
be prefabricated. In addition, the arrangement
of windows between crosswalls is unrestricted
Cross wall construction
 Example of Cross Wall construction

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