State of the Art on

Enterprise Computing
Information Systems
Semester I - 2019
Enterprise Computing
• Computing • Enterprise Computing

for(i=0;i<10;i++) { for(i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
echo “Hello World”; start_transaction();
} try {
echo md5(“Hello World”);
commit_transaction();
} catch (Exception e) {
rollback_transaction();
throw(new Exception(“Wrong!”));
}
}
Enterprise needs
• Reliability
• The balance in an account cannot be other than the sum
of all deposits less the sum of all withdrawals
• Availability
• If the power goes off, or a machine dies, the business
must continue
• Scalability
• The business must grow, therefore it needs to deal with
increasing numbers (clients, products, etc.)
• Security
• If someone steals information, companies loose value
• Interoperability
• Data is everywhere, thus, its critical to be able to
integrate it for the business.
Reliability

begin transaction
• A system is reliable when users can trust its
content source = Account1
• Example: Relational databases implement destination = Account2
transactions to ensure a sequence happens insert into movement (source,
as a whole, or doesn’t happen at all destination, 1000)
• Enterprise systems can check their update account set balance = balance
consistency regularly, if something is wrong + 1000 where id = destination
they should be able to go back to a
update account set balance = balance
consistent state
– 1000 where id = source
commit transaction
Availability
• Hardware always fails, therefore businesses must recover from
failures
• 2+ internet connections
• 2+ load balancers
• 2+ application servers (balanced)
• Replicated database for redundancy
• Servers using Redundant Disks, redundant power and
redundant NICs
• Why 2+?
• System probability of failure = Probability of failure of
server 1 * Probability of failure of server 2
• Probabilities are always between 0 and 1
• Example: A server that fails 10% of the time, in pairs will fail:
0,1 * 0,1 = 0,01
• 1% of the time, 10 times less with one more server
 Scalability

• A successful business will grow in visitors,

transactions, etc.
• It doesn’t matter how powerful a computer
is, it will always have a limit
• Multiple servers working in a balanced way
can serve more people
• But the system must be designed to work in
parallel
Security

• Security can cause severe losses to businesses

• Systems must store sensible information
encrypted, use encrypted protocols and enforce
good practices
• Code must be reviewed by more than one
programmer to ensure security
 Interoperability

• The ability of information and

communication technology
(ICT) systems, and of the
business processes they
support to exchange data and
to enable the sharing of
information and knowledge

• Business IT environment may

require different IT solutions.
Integration is essential.
World Class
• It really means “the best in the
world” or “world champion”
• When it comes to systems, refers
to those that are famous
worldwide for their quality,
tipically coming from fulfilling
Enterprise needs
Typical
areas
of a
business
ERPs like SAP try to solve everything
But SAP is not for everyone
• And not that easy to use
• And expensive
• Indeed it’s super expensive

• So why companies use SAP?

• Because it solves the most

critical problems they have for
big enterprises
ERPs do not create competitive advantages
• Anyone can buy SAP, therefore
my competitors can have it
• Good base systems is a
minimum, not something that
differentiates
• Competitive advantages must be
developed on top of existing
technologies, because they have
to be unique
State of the Art systems
• When it comes to enterprise
systems, State of The Art refers
to how the best systems create
competitive advantages for
companies
• Example
• Chatbots for customer service
allowed to improve conversions
without hiring more people
Human Resources
• Top responsibilities
• Hiring
• Training and career development
• Paying salaries
• Top systems cover all of them
• State of the Art enable new
capabilities for the business
• Finding talented potentials anywhere
in the world (LinkedIn)
• Skills management and elearning
• Managing matrix and cubical
structures
Marketing
• Top responsibilites
• Advertisement
• Product development
• Monitor competitors
• State of the Art
• Digital marketing (Facebook,
LinkedIn, SEO, SEM, remarketing,
Spotify, Waze, Instagram)
• A|B testing
• Automatic monitoring of
competitors
Customer Service
• Top responsibilities
• Help desk
• Obtain feedback
• Measure satisfaction
• State of the Art
• Automated surveys
• Chatbots
• Knowledge management
• Processing social network data
Sales
• Top responsibilities
• Attract leads
• Assess opportunities
• Close contracts
• State of the Art
• Automatic assessment based on
social networks
• Workflow automation
• Segmentation based on AI
algorithms
Accounting and finance
• Top responsibilites
• Budgeting
• Periodical reporting on spending
• Asset management
• State of the Art
• Expense prediction using AI
• Automated investments
• Scenario analysis using AI
Distribution
• Top responsibilities
• Receive orders
• Deliver orders
• State of the Art
• Route optimization using GPS and
online traffic data
• Probabilistic logistics pricing
• Multiple providers including social
Research and Development
• Top responsibilities
• State of the art analysis
• Create prototypes
• Monitor technology trends
• State of the Art
• 3d printing
• Circuit printing
• Semantic search engines
Administrative management
• Top responsibilities
• Define and monitor strategies
• Monitor performance
• Form teams
• State of the Art
• Automated dashboards of KPIs, PIs
and Ris
• Automated data collection (IoT)
• Business Intelligence for pattern
discovery
Production
• Top responsibilities
• Produce goods or deliver services
• Monitor failures
• Production Planning
• State of the Art
• Robotics
• Failure Prediction for preventive
maintenance
• Automated shift planning
Operations
• Top responsibilities
• Back office processes
• Resource availability
• Monitor production processes
• State of the Art
• Automated online indicators for
processes
• Scalable workspace and
production
IT support
• Top responsibilities
• Enable strategic technologies
• Ensure basic technologies
• Information security
• State of the Art
• Cloud Computing
• Big Data
• Internet of Things
• Artificial Intelligence
Purchasing
• Top responsibilities
• Negotiate prices with vendors
• Monitor budgets
• Market research
• State of the Art
• In company catalogue purchases
• Reverse auctions
• Price prediction
Legal department
• Top responsibilities
• Monitor legislation
• Negotiate contracts
• Enforce regulations
• State of the Art
• Digital signature
• Digital legal documents
CC-DIV
The Digital Transformation - David Rogers
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