GROUP 15

Modul PBL
“Medical Humanities,
Ethics
and Proffesionalism”

Tutor : Dr. dr. Sri Vitayani, Sp.Kk

Members of Group 15
Innal Hamda (11020150019)
Nisrina Nur Azisah (11020150026)
Diah Rindayani Hasbi (11020150028)
Alvi Kamal Fikri (11020150043)
Maftuhatul Afiah (11020150061)
Desi Triutami Saleh (11020150068)
Donita Rian Utami (11020150080)
Muhammad Fuad Alamsyah (11020150113)
A. Muh. Fadilah M (11020150126)
Gita Refina Rahmadini (11020150130)
Muhammad Fauzan (11020150151)
SCENARIO
 “The woman who was forced to offer her kidney”

Physician:
This was a case of a woman of 22 years of age who came to donate a kidney
for our patient who was supposedly her brother. She was a good match, but I
strongly suspected that she was not related and was either being coerced or being
paid to donate the kidney. We have a policy against doing transplants from
unrelated donors. We make it very clear that we will consider a transplant only if
the donor is related to the recipient and is not doing it for gain. I asked her several
times but she said that she was his sister. I still had my suspicions, so I sent her to
a psychiatrist for assessment. She was of subnormal intelligence and did not
understand the procedure.
 We could have refused to do the operation here, but they would have gone to
some other center and had it done anyway. So, we carried out the operation. Much
later, we learned that she was a paid, distantly related person who was possibly
forced by her family. We are trying to avoid that this becomes a commercialized
process of buying and selling goods in the market.
We have pioneered the process of renal transplantation in the country and
we have found that our results are comparable to the advanced centers in the
West. A very important cornerstone of our policy is that we do not accept unrelated
donors. Many hospitals in our country allow unrelated donations. The demand for
transplants is far greater than available donors can meet. We do not have a
government-approved cadaver organ harvesting policy. So the patients have to rely
on willing relatives or buy it in the market. It would cost the recipient a big sum of
money and then there is the cost of life-long immunosuppression.
Some people can afford this and they create a demand for kidneys from unrelated
willing donors. The donors desperately need the money and the doctors tell them
they can manage with one kidney. Innocent people, underprivileged, unrelated or
distantly related, are coerced or even tricked into giving a kidney. Sometimes they
don't even know it. They may not be given any money or less than what was
promised. This is not new; we have had quite a few reports already. The
implications are very serious as have been seen in many developing countries.
We had another case where the donor was clearly a first cousin of the
patient and was apparently willing. We had some vague feeling about her and sent
her for psychiatric assessment. They found that she had subnormal intelligence and
had no clue about the issue, the procedure and what it meant for her. We refused.
The patient and his family, and even the donors' parents were upset with us.
DIFFICULT WORD
AND KEYWORD
Difficult Word :
• Transplant
• Subnormal intelligence
• Immunosuppression
• Psychiatrist
• Policy
• Donors
• The operation
Keyword :
• A woman 22 years old who came to donate a
kidney for our patient who was supposedly her
brother
• She was of subnormal intelligence and did not
understand the procedure
• Psychiatrist assessment
• We carried out the operation
• She was paid and distantly related person who
was possibly forced by her family
Keyword :
• A very important cornerstone of our policy is that we
do not accept unrelated donors
• Difficult to have a willing donors
• We have pioneered the process of renal
transplantation in the country and we have found
that our results are comparable to the advanced
centers in the West.
• The demand for transplant is big but the donors is
less
• The donor’s parents were upset with us.
Identification of Problems
Questions :
- Analyze the case above based on the principles
of:
• Medical Humanity Aspects
• Medical Ethics Aspects
• Medical Professional Aspects

- How do you see the case in the perspective of

Islam (all the aspects in the view of Quran and
Sunnah)
Answer :
- Analyze the case based on the principles of:
• Medical Humanity Aspects
• Medical Ethics Aspects
• Medical Professional Aspects
• Medical Humanity Aspect
Humanities provide a forum for the birth of the
intrinsic meaning of the values of humanism.
Humanism itself is aimed at reviving a sense of the
flow of humanitarian/ aspire to a better association.
There is also the opinion of humanism as an attitude /
behavior regarding human attention with emphasis
on compassion and the dignity of the individual.

Reference: Bahan Ajar untuk mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran UMI, Makassar

Angk.2007
Textual :
• We could have refused to do the operation here,
but they would have gone to some other center
and had it done anyway.
• She was subnormal intelligence and did not
understand the procedure.
• It would cost the recipient a big sum of money.
• The implications are very serious as have been
seen in many developing countries.
Contextual :
Humanism expressed an appreciation to the patient
as an individual; show compassion and understand the fear
and anxiety within the patient; declare a communication
means to the patient as an individual rather than as a
disease. Furthermore, he said, humanism in medicine is
more of an ethic. More than just refrain from doing things
that harm the physical and mental patients due to neglect
themselves. More than just written in the Hippocratic oath.
Humanism is a positive action, such as compassion is not
just feeling sorry for the suffering of others but to help by
giving advice or actions that alleviate suffering
Analyze :

First Case “Doctor save the patient live but

do harm to the donor”

Why?????
Analyze :

Humanities
Aspects