CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSER

Created by: Ashlesh Khajbage

TE-5, 3508
CONTENT
 Definition
 Classification Of Sensor

 Types Of Proximity Sensor

 Inductive
 Capacitive

 Theory of Operation
 Selection Criteria

 Capacitive Sensor family

 Application

 Advantages

 Disadvantages
 DEFINITION OF PROXIMITY
 Measures the closeness of the auto body to obstacles
(both animate and inanimate) that may not be visible to
the driver or that the driver may yet not have realised

–Minimum load on driver attention

•Requirements
–Range (depends on utility)
–Identify direction of impact
–closing velocity
–acceleration, trajectory of
object
–point of impact
during normal operation
–Warning should be attention
demanding and well in advance
–Distinguish animate/inanimate
–size, shape of object to permit
classification
– mass & stiffness to evaluate impact
inertia
CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORS
 Sensors are classified as either :
• Contact type
• Non-contact type (proximity sensors)

 Proximity sensors being the more commonly used

sensor.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENSOR BASED ON
OUTPUT

 Discrete (sometimes called digital, logic, or

bang-bang) - sensors provide a single logical
output (a zero or one)

Proportional (sometimes called analog) -

provide an analog output. The output may
be a voltage, current, resistance, or even a digital
word containing a discrete value
FOR DISCRETE SENSORS, THERE ARE TWO
TYPES OF OUTPUTS

 the NPN or sinking output,

 the PNP or sourcing output

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

A inductive proximity sensor can detect

metal targets approaching the sensor,
without physical contact with the target.

Cable or
plug-in connection
LED

Active surface

•The bigger the coil, the greater the

active switching gap.
•Inductive sensors can only detect
metals.
•Different switching distances for
different metals
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

High Frequency magnetic field

(300 to 800 kHz) Active Surface

Resonant circuit coil

LED indicator

Connection cable
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
ON
output
OFF
signal
 Target

Absorbtion of energy

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
 Target

Sensor

Oscillation
Amplitude

Sensor
output ON
signal OFF
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
Inductive sensors detect metals and operate
quickly, reliably and tirelessly. They are used to:
• Count
• Identify
• Detect
• Switch
• Control
• Check
• Distinguish
• Sort
• Position
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

Sensing a Cam Controller

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

Measurement of Speed and Direction of Rotation

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

Inductive
proximity
sensor

Detecting the End Position of a Press Ram

INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
 Capacitive proximity sensors are similar to
inductive proximity sensors.
 The main difference between the two types is
that capacitive proximity sensors produce an
electrostatic field instead of an electromagnetic
field.
 Capacitive proximity switches will sense metal as
well as nonmetallic materials such as paper,
glass, liquids, and cloth.
CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS

Sensor is looking for a

Electrostatic field change in capacitance in the
active field
Active surface

Active electrode

Earth electrode

LED indicator

Adjusting screw
Connection cable
THEORY OF OPERATION
 The sensing surface of a capacitive sensor is
formed by two concentrically shaped metal
electrodes of an unwound capacitor.
 When an object nears the sensing surface it
enters the electrostatic field of the electrodes and
changes the capacitance in an oscillator circuit.
 As a result, the oscillator begins oscillating. The
trigger circuit reads the oscillator’s amplitude
and when it reaches a specific level the output
state of the sensor changes.
 As the target moves away from the sensor the
oscillator’s amplitude decreases, switching the
sensor output back to its original state
Target
SELECTION CRITERIA
o Based on Standard target
o Standard targets are specified for each capacitive
sensor. The Dielectric Constant standard target is
usually defined as metal and/or water. Capacitive
sensors depend on the dielectric constant of the
target.
CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY FAMILY
APPLICATION
 Parking assist
 Avoid damage to autobody
 Better utilization of
parking spaces
 Lane change & overtake
 Pre-crash sensing (front
& rear)
 Airbag deployment
 Automatic intervention for
collision avoidance
 Adaptive Cruise Control
Sensor is adjusted so that
it does not ‘see’ the wall
of the vessel.
As the level rises the
fluid affects the sensor
field.
To detect liquid filling
level
CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSORS
REFERENCES
 Web
 Classification of sensor
 https://www.keyence.com/ss/products/sensor/sensorbasics/proxi
mity/info/
 Industrial Grade Sensor
 http://www.meyle.de/pdf/capacitive-proximity-sensors.pdf
 Proximity technical Guide
 http://www.edata.omron.com.au/eData/Prox/Proximity_TG.pdf

 Article/ Research Paper

 Irfana, Hassan & Muhammad, Application of Capacitance
Proximity Sensor
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315480619_Applicati
on_of_Capacitance_Proximity_Sensor_for_the_Identification_of
_Paper_and_Plastic_from_Recycling_Materials
 Reference manual of Siemens
 http://www.automationmedia.com/Port1050/SiemensFreeCours
es/snrs_4.pdf