Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
 Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
Introduction to Newspapers
A newspaper is a regularly scheduled
publication containing news, information,
and advertising, usually printed on relatively
inexpensive, low-grade paper such as
newsprint. By 2007 there were 6580 daily
newspapers in the world selling 395 million
copies a day. The worldwide recession of
2008, combined with the rapid growth of
web-based alternatives, caused a serious
decline in advertising and circulation, as
many papers closed or sharply retrenched
operations.
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The Newspapers
Definition of Newspapers
Newspapers typically meet four criteria:

• Publicity: Its contents are reasonably accessible to the public.

• Periodicity: It is published at regular intervals.

• Currency: Its information is up to date.

• Universality: It covers a range of topics.

 Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
History of Newspapers
For centuries, civilisations have In 8th century China, the first
used print media to spread news newspapers appeared as hand-
and information to the masses. written news sheets in Beijing.
The Roman Acta Diurna,
appearing around 59 B.C, is the
earliest recorded “newspaper”.
Julius Caesar, wanting to inform
the public about important social
and political happenings, ordered
upcoming events posted in major
cities.
The printing press, invented by Gutenberg’s machine enabled
Johann Gutenberg in 1447, the free exchange of ideas and
ushered in the era of the the spread of knowledge --
modern newspaper. themes that would define
Renaissance Europe.

The Newspapers
In the English-speaking world,
the earliest predecessors of the
newspaper were Corantos,
small news pamphlets
produced only when some
Between 1890 to 1920, the
period known as the “golden
age” of print media, media
barons such as
William Randolph Hearst,
Joseph Pulitzer, and Lord
Northcliffe
Monday, October 25th, 2010
event worthy of notice
occurred. The first successively
published
title was The Weekly News of
1622. It was followed in the
1640's and 1650's by a plethora
of different titles in the similar
news book format. The first
true newspaper in English was
the London Gazette of 1666.
For a generation it was the only
officially sanctioned newspaper,
though many periodical titles
were in print by the century's
built
end.
huge publishing empires.
 Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
Chronology of Events
59 B.C. Acta Diurna is published in Rome. Julius Caesar orders the major political
and social events of the day to be made available to his citizenry.
713 Mixed News in Kaiyuan is first newspaper published in China.
1040 In China, Pi Sheng invents printing from movable woodblocks.
1392 Movable copper type is invented in Korea.
1447 Johann Gutenberg invents letterpress printing, a process that will enable the
mass production of the printed word.
1501 Pope Alexander VI decreed that printed material must be submitted to clerical
authority prior to publication in order to prevent heresy. Failure to do so could result
in fines or excommunication.
1556 Venetian government publishes Notizie scritte, a monthly newspaper for
which readers pay a “gazetta”, or small coin.
1588 In Cologne, Germany, Michael Entzinger publishes a 24 page news book
reporting on the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
 Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
Chronology of Events
1605 Johann Carolus publishes the first printed newspaper, Relation, in
Strasbourg, now in France but at the time a part of the so-called ’Deutsches Reich’.
1621 In London, the newspaper Corante is published.
1631 The Gazette, the first French newspaper, is founded.
1639 First American colonial printing press
1645 World’s oldest newspaper still in circulation, Post-och Inrikes Tidningar, is
published in Sweden
1690 Publick Occurrences is the first newspaper published in America when it
appears in Boston.
1704 Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe and often recognized as the
world’s first journalist, begins to publish the Review, a periodical covering European
affairs.
1798 Alois Sedenfelder Invents Lithography.
1803 Australia’s military government publishes the Sydney Gazette and New South
Wales Advertiser, the country’s first newspaper.
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The Newspapers
Chronology of Events
1812 Friedrich Koenig invents of the Steam Powered Cylinder Press. In 1814, John
Walter, publisher of The Times in London, began to assemble the new press in
secrecy, fearing that his pressmen might riot if they discovered his plans.
1844 Telegraph is invented
1851 Reuters is established
1870s Charles Stewart Parnell uses the Freeman’s Journal to promote the causes
of his Irish Nationalist Party.
1880 First photographs appear in a newspaper
1900 Vladimir Lenin founds Iskra, in Leipzig, Germany. This revolutionary
newspaper is to become a major tool for Communist propaganda.
1903 Alfred Harmsworth develops the first tabloid newspaper, the Daily Mirror, in
London.
1966 Behram “Busybee” Contractor begins publishing his column ‘Round and
About” in the Evening News of India. on the World Wide Web.

The Newspapers
Content Description of Newspapers
General-interest newspapers typically
publish stories on local and national
A wide variety of material has been
published in newspapers, including
editorial opinions, criticism, persuasion
Monday, October 25th, 2010
political events and personalities, crime,
business, entertainment, society and sports.
Most traditional papers also feature an
editorial page containing editorials written
by an editor and columns that express the
personal opinions of writers. Other features
include display and classified advertising,
comics, and inserts from local merchants.
and op-eds; obituaries; entertainment
features such as crosswords, sudoku and
horoscopes; weather news and forecasts;
advice, food and other columns; reviews of
movies, plays and restaurants; classified
ads; display ads, editorial cartoons and
cartoon strips.
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The Newspapers
Categories of newspapers
• A daily newspaper is issued every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and
some national holidays. Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily
newspapers tend to be larger, include more specialized sections and advertising inserts,
and cost more.
• Weekly newspapers are common and tend to be smaller than daily papers. In some
cases, there also are newspapers that are published twice or three times a week.

• A National newspaper circulates throughout the whole country.

• International newspaper is a repacked international edition of the national newspaper

that targets international English speaking public in the metropolitan cities.
 Monday, October 25th, 2010

The Newspapers
Circulation and Readership

The number of copies distributed, either on
an average day or on particular days
(typically Sunday), is called the
newspaper’s circulation and is one of the
principal factors used to set advertising
rates. Circulation is not necessarily the
same as copies sold, since some copies or
newspapers are distributed without cost.
Readership figures may be higher than
circulation figures because many copies are
read by more than one person, although
this is offset by the number of copies
distributed but not read

In India, The Times of India is the largest-

circulation English newspaper, with 3.14
million copies daily. According to the 2009
Indian Readership Survey, the Dainik Jagran
is the most-read, local-language (Hindi)
newspaper, with 55.7 million readers

The Newspapers
Total Readership in India
The 2009 Indian Readership Survey findings
shows that the largest read local language
newspapers to be Dainik Jagran (with 55.7
million readers) and Dainik Bhaskar (with
44.9 million readers), both published in
Monday, October 25th, 2010
Hindi. The Times of India is the most widely
read English language newspaper (13.3
million), followed by Hindustan Times (6.3
million), The Hindu (5.2 million). The New
Indian Express is another widely-read
English language newspaper (1.8 million}.
Malayala Manorama newspaper which is
published in Malayalam from Kerala,
currently has a readership of over 16 million
(with a circulation base of over 1.8 million
copies) has the most circulation in regional
languages. ENADU Telugu news paper
reader's in a.p nearly (60%)
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The Newspapers
Total Readership in India

Newspaper Readership

Other The Times of India

The The Hindu Business
FinancialExpress Line
Business Standard Mint
The Economic
Times

The Newspapers
Newspapers in India
The first major newspaper in India—The
Bengal Gazette—was started in 1780 under
the British Raj. Other newspapers such as
The India Gazette, The Calcutta Gazette,
The Madras Courier (1785), The Bombay
Herald (1789) etc. soon followed. These
newspapers carried news of the areas
Monday, October 25th, 2010
under the British rule.[ The Times of India
was founded in 1838 as The Bombay Times
and Journal of Commerce by Bennett,
Coleman and Company, a colonial
enterprise now owned by an Indian
conglomerate. The Times Group publishes
The Economic Times (launched in 1961),
Navbharat Times (Hindi language), and the
Maharashtra Times (Marathi language).
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The Newspapers
Major Newspapers in India
Accommodation Times New Indian Express Indian Express
Asomiya Pratidin Sakaal Times " Imrozehind Urdu
Deccan Chronicle-Chennai Shipping Today Lokmat
Dainik Jagaran Sunday Dinamalar Mint
Deccan Chronicle Times Chennai Sandhya Dainik
Dainik Bhaskar The Economic Times Sattakadir
Deccan Post Times of India Siasat
Financial Chronicle Business Standard The Pioneer
Free Press Journal Asian Age The Telegraph
Global Education Financial Express Divya Bhaskar
Hindustan Times Himalaya Darpan The Hindu
Industrial Business Mart Hindustan Dainik-Delhi Malayala Manorama
Kashmir Times Hindustan Times-Chandigarh Punjab Kesari
Madhyamam Hindustan Dainik-Lucknow Wheels Unplugged
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The Newspapers
Major Newspapers in World
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The Newspapers
Future of Newspapers
The future of newspapers has been widely debated as the industry has faced down
soaring newsprint prices, slumping ad sales, the loss of much classified advertising
and precipitous drops in circulation. In recent years the number of newspapers
slated for closure, bankruptcy or severe cutbacks has risen—especially in the
United States, where the industry has shed a fifth of its journalists since
2001.Revenue has plunged while competition from internet media has squeezed
older print publishers.

The debate has become more urgent lately, as a deepening recession has
shaved profits, and as once-explosive growth in newspaper web revenues has
leveled off, forestalling what the industry hoped would become an important
source of revenue. At issue is whether the newspaper industry faces a cyclical
trough, or whether new technology has rendered obsolete newspapers in their
traditional format.