Halogens reacting with

Sodium Hydroxide
By: Fatin Farhana, Sufia, Hemma, Jannah, Khairul, Daniel
Apparatus & Procedures: Chlorine

1. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added just

enough to cover a few pieces of potassium
manganate(VII) crystals in a test tube to create
chlorine gas.
2. The liberated chlorine gas is bubbled through
2cm3 of cold sodium hydroxide solution in another
test tube.
3. The test tube is shaken strongly.
Apparatus & Procedures: Bromine

1. Two drops of liquid bromine is added to 2cm3 of cold

sodium hydroxide solution in a test tube.
2. The test tube is closed with a rubber stopper and shaken
vigorously until no further change occurs.
Apparatus & Procedures: Iodine

1. A piece (or more) of iodine crystal is added to 2cm3 of cold

sodium hydroxide solution in a test tube.
2. The test tube is closed with a rubber stopper and shaken
vigorously until no further change occurs.
 Observation
Halogen Observation

Chlorine The greenish-yellow chlorine gas dissolves quickly

in NaOH solution to form a colourless solution.

Bromine The brownish-red liquid bromine dissolves steadily

in NaOH solution to form a colourless solution.

Iodine The dark purplish-black iodine crystal dissolves

slowly in NaOH solution to form a colourless
solution.
 Reactions
1. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaOCl + NaCl + H2O
(chlorine + sodium hydroxide = sodium chlorate(I) + sodium chloride + water)
2. Br2 + 2NaOH NaOBr + NaBr + H2O
(bromine + sodium hydroxide = sodium bromate(I) + sodium bromide +
water)
3. I2 + 2NaOH NaOI + NaI + H2O
(iodine + sodium hydroxide = sodium iodate(I) + sodium iodide + water)
 Formula
Chlorine, bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide to form two types
of salts and water.
X2 + 2NaOH NaX + NaOX + H2O
Where X = Cl, Br, I (a halogen)
Thank You
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