Electricity In

Refrigeration
And Air-
conditionner
(BTGEC)

By group 1
What Is The Definitions of
Refrigeration?

The process of keeping an item below room temperature by

storing the item in a system or substance designed to cool or
freeze.
 Refrigeration Components

– COMPRESSOR
– CONDENSER
– EVAPORATOR
 Compressor Motor Types and
Start Relays

1. Single phase compressor

motor type

2. Three Phase Motors

3. Compressor Motor
Starting Relays
A. RSIR Motor (Resistance Start – Induction Run)

An RSIR motor is normally used on balanced pressure

start applications, where a high motor starting torque is
not required. Domestic refrigerators often utilise RSIR
compressors. The most widely used relay on Kulthorn
RSIR compressors is a PTC (Positive Temperature
Coefficient) solid state device. This device is installed in
series with the start winding. A PTC experiences a ‘step’
increase in resistance as a result of an electric current
passing through it. The PTC is matched to a motor design
so that, coinciding with the compressor reaching the
required switching speed, the sharp increase in the PTC
resistance effectively prevents any current passing
through the start winding. This is a simple device, with
no moving parts. On some compressors, the PTC device
is a combined start relay and motor protector.
B. CSIR Motor (Capacitor Start – Induction Run)
We may think of the CSIR motor as being an RSIR motor
that has been upgraded by the addition of a start
capacitor in series with a suitably modified start
winding. The result is that, instead of switching only
the start winding, the relay now isolates the start
winding and the start capacitor. As with the RSIR motor,
the CSIR motor, once up to speed, runs on the main
winding only.
C. CSR Motor (Capacitor Start and Run)
This motor offers the improved starting
characteristics that a start capacitor provides, plus
the increased running efficiency that results from
the use of a run capacitor. This motor is widely used
on larger commercial refrigeration applications. In
this design, the run capacitor is again in series with
the start winding, these components being active
whenever the compressor is running. There is an
additional capacitor (the start capacitor) in parallel
with the run capacitor during the run-up. It must be
isolated when the compressor reaches a speed
where the start capacitor is no longer required.
While some smaller CSR compressors are supplied
with current relays, the relays specified for larger
CSR compressors are usually potential relays.
 Motor Capacitor

Motor Capacitor Start

Single phase electric motors use a device called a

starting capacitor to create a large phase shift to produce
necessary torque during start up. Single phase motors will
commonly have both a run capacitor and a starting
capacitor. Starting capacitors are usually physically bigger
than run capacitors. They also tend to be larger in
capacitance values . Their capacitance ratings come in a
range instead of a set number, like in run capacitors. This is
because the phase shift produced by running AC current
through a start capacitor doesn't need to be as precise to
get the motor turning during start up.
Motor capacitor running

A motor run capacitor is engaged in a circuit all

the time for phase delay or power factor
correction. They are common in HVAC units
and larger single phase motors. They are oil
cooled, in metal cases, and have fairly low
capacitance ratings .On 240 V system, run
capacitors are generally 370-440V, and in 480V
systems, you'll often see 600V capacitors used.
This is to account for the peak to peak voltage
levels in the system.
Motor start running capasitor

This type of electric motor is a combination of start capacitor

motors and running capacitor motors, A possible disadvantage of
a current relay on a CSR system is that it is a normally open (NO)
device. At the instant that power is applied to the compressor,
the main winding and the run capacitor are live, and the run
capacitor starts to charge. When the contacts of the current
relay begin to close, there is the likelihood that the run capacitor
will discharge across those contacts, resulting in possible burning
of the contacts and, in extreme cases, the contacts may weld
together.

Welded contacts prevent the relay from opening, and the start
capacitor will remain in circuit. Start capacitors are designed
only for intermittent and brief use. If a relay does not open, the
start capacitor will, in turn, fail. This type of electric motor is
widely used in room air conditioners
Any questions?
The End