PROGRESSION

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 SEQUENCE
A group of numbers connected by a definite law is known as
sequence.

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 ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
A Sequence in which each term is obtained from the preceding
term by adding a constant quantity to it.
The Standard form of an Arithmetic Progression is
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .... (l - d) + l
a is first term
l is last term
d is common difference

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 GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSION
A Sequence in ratio between two consecutive terms is constant is
called geometric progression:
The Standard form of an Geometric Progression is
a+ar+ar2+ar3+……..arn-1
a is first term
r is common ratio

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 ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
&
ARITHMETIC MEAN

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1 If ‘a’ is the first term and ‘d’ is the common difference of the arithmetic progression, then its
nth term is given by an = a+(n-1)d

2 The sum, Sn of the first ‘n’ terms of the A.P. is given by Sn = n/2 [2a + (n-1)d]

3 If Sn is the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose first term is ‘a’ and last term is ‘l’,
Sn = (n/2)(a + l)

4 If common difference is d, number of terms n and the last term l, then

Sn = (n/2)[2l-(n -1)d]

5 If a fixed number is added or subtracted from each term of an A.P., then the resulting
sequence is also an A.P. and it has the same common difference as that of the
original A.P.

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6 If each term of A.P is multiplied by some constant or divided by a non-zero fixed constant, the
resulting sequence is an A.P. again.

7 If a1, a2, a3, …, an and b1, b2, b3, …, bn, are in A.P. then a1+b1, a2+b2, a3+b3, ……,
an+bn and a1–b1, a2–b2, a3–b3, ……, an–bn will also be in A.P.

8 Suppose a1, a2, a3, ……,an are in A.P. then an, an–1, ……, a3, a2, a1 will also
be in A.P.

9 If nth term of a series is tn = An + B, then the series is in A.P.

10 If a fixed number is added or subtracted from each term of an A.P., then the resulting
sequence is also an A.P. and it has the same common difference as that of the original A.P.

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11 If nth term of a series is tn = An + B, then the series is in A.P.

12 If a1, a2, a3, ……, an are in A.P., then a1 + an = a2 + an–1 = a3+ an-2 = …… and so
on.

13 In order to assume three terms in A.P. whose sum is given, they should be assumed as a-d,
a, a+d.

14 Four terms of the A.P. whose sum is given should be assumed as a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d

15 Five convenient numbers in A.P. a–2b, a–b, a, a+b, a+2 b.

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16 In general, we take a – rd, a – (r – 1)d, …., a – d, a, a + rd in case we have to take (2r + 1)
terms in an A.P.

17 Likewise, any 2r terms of an A.P. should be assumed as: a – (2r-1)d, a – (2r – 3)d, …., a – d, a, a
+ d, ………….. , a+(2r-3)d, a + (2r-1)d.

18 The arithmetic mean of two numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’ is (a+b)/2.

19 The terms A1, A2, ….. , An are said to be arithmetic means between a and b if a, A1, A2, ….. , An, b
is an A.P.

20 Clearly, ‘a’ is the first term, ‘b’ is the (n+2)th term and ‘d’ is the common difference. Then, we
have b = a+(n+2-1)d = a+(n+1)d
Hence, this gives ‘d’ = (b-a)/(n+1)

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 GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSION
&
GEOMETRIC MEAN

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1 If ‘a’ is the first term and ‘r’ is the common ratio of the geometric progression, then its
nth term is given by an = arn-1

2 The sum, Sn of the first ‘n’ terms of the G.P. is given by Sn = a (rn – 1)/ (r-1), when r ≠1;
= na , if r =1

3 If -1 < x < 1, then lim xn = 0, as n →∞. Hence, the sum of an infinite G.P. is
1+x+x2+ ….. = 1/(1-x)

4 If -1 < r< 1, then the sum of the infinite G.P. is a +ar+ ar2+ ….. = a/(1-r)

5 If each term of the G.P is multiplied or divided by a non-zero fixed constant, the resulting
sequence is again a G.P.

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6 If a1, a2, a3, …. and b1, b2, b3, … are two geometric progressions, then a1b1, a2b2, a3b3,
…… is also a geometric progression and a1/b1, a2/b2, ... ... ..., an/bn will also be in G.P.

7 Suppose a1, a2, a3, ……,an are in G.P. then an, an–1, an–2, ……, a3, a2, a1 will also be
in G.P

8 Taking the inverse of a G.P. also results a G.P. Suppose a1, a2, a3, ……,an are in
G.P then 1/a1, 1/a2, 1/a3 ……, 1/an will also be in G.P

9 If we need to assume three numbers in G.P. then they should be assumed as a/b, a,
ab (here common ratio is b)

10 Four numbers in G.P. should be assumed as a/b3, a/b, ab, ab3 (here common ratio is b2)

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31 Five numbers in G.P. a/b2, a/b, a, ab, ab2 (here common ratio is b)

12 If a1, a2, a3,… , an is a G.P (ai> 0 ∀i), then log a1, log a2, log a3, ……, log an is an
A.P. In this case, the converse of the statement also holds good.

13 If three terms are in G.P., then the middle term is called the geometric mean (G.M.) between
the two. So if a, b, c are in G.P., then b = √ac is the geometric mean of a and c.

14 Likewise, if a1, a2, ……,an are non-zero positive numbers, then their G.M.(G) is given
by G = (a1a2a3 …… an)1/n.

15 If G1, G2, ……Gn are n geometric means between and a and b then a, G1, G2, ……,Gn b will
be a G.P.

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16 Here b = arn+1, ⇒ r = n+1√b/a, Hence, G1 = a. n+1√b/a, G2 = a (n+1√b/a)2,…, Gn =
a(n+1√b/a)n.

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1 Write the common difference of an A.P. whose nth term is 3n + 5.

SOLUTION

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2 Write the value of x for which x + 2, 2x, 2x + 3 are three consecutive terms of an A.P.

SOLUTION

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3 For what value of k, are the numbers x, (2x + k) and (3x + 6) three consecutive terms of an
A.P.?

SOLUTION

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4 If 4/5,a, 2 are three consecutive terms of an A.P., then find the value of a?

SOLUTION

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5 For what value of p are 2p – 1, 7 and 3p three consecutive terms of an A.P.?

SOLUTION

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6 For what value of p are 2p + 1, 13 and 5p – 3 three consecutive terms of an A.P.?

SOLUTION

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7 Find the next term of the A.P. 2, 8, 18

SOLUTION

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8 Which term of the A.P.: 21, 18, 15, .... is zero?

SOLUTION

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9 If the sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that of first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of n
terms.

SOLUTION

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10 Find the sum of all three digit numbers which are divisible by 7.

SOLUTION

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11 Find the sum of all the three digit numbers which are divisible by 9.

SOLUTION

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12 If Sn the sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn = 3n2 – 4n, find the nth term.

SOLUTION

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13 The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24, and the sum of 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find
the A.P.

SOLUTION

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14 The Sum of n terms of an A.P. is 5n2 – 3n. Find the A.P. Hence find its 10th term.

SOLUTION

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15 The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find the
first three terms of the A.P.

SOLUTION

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16 The first and last term of an A.P. are 1 and 11. If the sum of its terms is 36, then find the
number of terms.

SOLUTION

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17 If the sum of three consecutive terms of an increasing A.P. is 51 and the product of the first
and third of these terms is 273, then find the third term.

SOLUTION

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18 If 7th and 13th term of an A.P. are 34 and 64 respectively, then find its 18th term.

SOLUTION

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19 Find the number of terms of an A.P. 3, 7, 11, 15... to be taken so that the sum is 406.

SOLUTION

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20 Find the sum of all natural numbers lying between 250 and 1000 which are exactly divisible
by 3.

SOLUTION

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21 Find three numbers in A.P. whose sum is 21 and their product is 231.

SOLUTION

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22 an+1 +bn+1
If is the arithmetic mean between ‘a’ and ‘b’, then, find the value of
an +bn
‘n’.

SOLUTION

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23 If the numbers a, b, c, d and e form an A.P., then find the value of a – 4b + 6c – 4d + e.

SOLUTION

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24 Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th tern is 73.

SOLUTION

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25 An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29th
term.

SOLUTION

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26 If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and – 8 respectively, which term of this A.P. is
zero?

SOLUTION

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27 The 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.

SOLUTION

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28 Which term of the A.P.: 3, 15, 27, 39, ... will be 132 more than its 54th term?

SOLUTION

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29 Two A.Ps. have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th terms is
100, what is the difference between their 1000th terms?

SOLUTION

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30 How many three–digit numbers are divisible by 7?

SOLUTION

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31 How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?

SOLUTION

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32 For what value of n, are the nth terms of two A.Ps.: 63, 65, 67, ... and 3, 10, 17, ... equal?

SOLUTION

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33 Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.

SOLUTION

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34 Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P.: 3, 8, 13, ..., 253.

SOLUTION

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35 The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is
44.Find the first three terms of the A.P.

SOLUTION

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36 Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs.5000 and received an increment of
Rs.200 each year. In which year did his income reach Rs.7000?

SOLUTION

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37 Ramkali saved Rs.5 in the first week of a year and then increased weekly savings by Rs.1.75. If
in the nth week, her weekly savings become Rs.20.75, find n.

SOLUTION

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38 How many terms of the A.P.: 9, 17, 25, ... must be taken to give a sum of 636?

SOLUTION

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39 The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms
and the common difference.

SOLUTION

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40 The first and the last terms of an A.P. are 17 and 350 respectively. If the common difference is
9, how many terms are there and what is their sum?

SOLUTION

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41 Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6.

SOLUTION

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42 Find the sum of the odd numbers between 0 and 50.

SOLUTION

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 A contract on construction job specifies a penalty for delay of completion beyond a certain
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date as follows: Rs.200 for the first day, Rs.250 for the second day, Rs.300 for the third day,
etc., the penalty for each succeeding day being Rs.50 more than for the preceding day. How
much money the contractor has to pay as penalty, if he has delayed the work by 30 days?

SOLUTION

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44 A sum of Rs.700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to students of a school for their overall
academic performance. If each prize is Rs.20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of
each of the prizes.

SOLUTION

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 In a school, students thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air pollution. It was
45 decided that the number of trees that each section of each class will plant, will be the same as the
class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will plant
2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are three sections of each class. How many trees will be planted
by the students?

SOLUTION

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 A spiral is made up of successive semi–circles, with centers alternately at
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A and B, starting with center at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm,
.... as shown in figure. What is the total length of such a spiral made up
of thirteen consecutive semi–circles?

SOLUTION

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 200 logs are stacked in the following manner: 20 logs in the bottom row,
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19 in the next raw, 18 in the row next to it and so on (see figure). In how
many rows are the 200 logs placed and how many logs are in the top
row?

SOLUTION

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 A ladder has rungs 25 cm apart (see figure). The rungs decrease
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uniformly in length from 45 cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top. If
the top and the bottom rungs are m apart, what is the length of the
wood required for the rungs?

SOLUTION

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47
The houses of a row are numbered consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value of x
such that the sum of the numbers of the houses preceding the house numbered x is equal to
the sum of the numbers of the houses following it. Find this value of x.

SOLUTION

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48
The houses of a row are numbered consecutively from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value of x
such that the sum of the numbers of the houses preceding the house numbered x is equal to
the sum of the numbers of the houses following it. Find this value of x.

SOLUTION

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49 Find the common ratio r of a geometric progression in which the first term is 5
and second term is 15.

SOLUTION

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50 Find the fourth term of a geometric progression, whose first term is 2 and the
common ratio is 3.

SOLUTION

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51 Find the common ratio r of an infinite geometric series with sum S=7and first term 4

SOLUTION

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52 The sum an infinite geometric series is S1​=6. The sum of the squares of all terms of the same
progression is S2​=18. Find the first term of the progression.

SOLUTION

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53 Find the first term of a geometric progression that second term is 2 and sum to infinity is 8.

SOLUTION

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54 In a set of 4 numbers, the first three are in G.P. and the last three are in A.P. with a
common difference 6. If the first number is the same as the 4th find the 4 numbers.

SOLUTION

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55 The third term of a G.P. is 7. Find the product of first 5 terms.

SOLUTION

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56 A carpenter was hired to build 192 window frames. The first day he made five frames
and each day thereafter he made two more frames that he made the day before. How
many days did it take him to finish the job?

SOLUTION

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57 A side of an equilateral triangle is 20 cm long. A second equilateral triangle in it by
joining the mid points of the sides of the first triangle. The process is continued. Find
the perimeter of the sixth inscribed equilateral triangle.

SOLUTION

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58 If x, 2y, 3z are in A.P. where the distinct numbers x, y, z are in G.P. then find the
common ratio of the G.P.

SOLUTION

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59 If x, 2y, 3z are in A.P. where the distinct numbers x, y, z are in G.P. then find the
common ratio of the G.P.

SOLUTION

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 In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting point, which is 5
60 m from the first potato, and the other potatoes are placed 3 m
apart in a straight line.There are ten potatoes in the line (see
figure). A competitor starts from the bucket, picks up the nearest
potato, runs back with it, drops it in the bucket, runs back to pick
up the next potato, runs to the bucket to drop it in, and she
continues in the same way until all the potatoes are in the bucket.
What is the total distance the competitor has to run?

SOLUTION

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