Neonatal Abdominal

Emergencies
URGENT GE conditions of the abdomen are
uncommon in the neonatal period, but
potentially challenging , , ,
• Diagnosis
• Co-morbidity
• Treatment
• Requires concentration of appropriate
resources and expertise.
Many of the causes of the neonatal
acute abdomen arise from
congenital abnormalities
 URGENT GE conditions….
ABDOMINAL DISTENTION:
Mechanical or functional obstruction
Ascites/peritonitis
Abdominal mass
Gaseous
ANOMALIES
Ano-rectal
Abdominal wall
BLEEDING
Upper & lower GI bleed
 INVESTIGATIONS:

ABDOMINAL PLAIN RADIOGRAPH

ULTRASONOGRAPHY
CONTRAST STUDIES
CT SCANS
- Coiling of OG tube
-Tracheal Atresia
-Double bubble sign
-Duodenal Atresia
-Down’s Syndrome
-triple bubble sign
-Jejunal Atresia
 -Micro-colon
-meconium plug/illeus
-String sign/ shoulder sign
-Pyloric stenosis
-pyloromyotomy
-Dilated descending colon /Collapse sigmoid colon and rectum
-Hirschprung Disease
 MANAGEMENT
REDUCTION OF HEAT LOSS:
It is important to maintain smaller babies in a
thermo-neutral and humidified environment
whenever possible.
FLUID MANAGEMENT:
Urine output and concentrations are useful
guides, expecting a urine output of about 2
mL/kg /h.
ADEQUATE ENERGY SUPPLY:
Parenteral nutrition has revolutionized surgery
of neonatal acute abdomen.
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE:

BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS:

PASSING NG/OG TUBE:

SURGICAL INTERVENTION