CHAPTER 6

Acid and alkali

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 6.1 Properties of acids and alkalis
 Showing their properties by the
presence of water.
ACID PROPERTIES ALKALI
Below 7 PH VALUE More than 7
Sour TASTE Bitter
Yes CORROSIVE Yes
Blue to red LITMUS Red to blue
PAPER
React with REACTION No reaction
metal and WITH METAL
produce
hydrogen gas 3
 ACID

Organic Inorganic

1. Citric acid (Oranges) 1. Hydrochloric acid

2. Malic acid (Apples)
2. Sulphuric acid
3. Lactic acid (Sour milk)
4. Acetic acid (Vinegar) 3. Nitric acid
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 Organic acid
Acid Source
Acetic acid Vinegar
Lactic acid Fermented milk,
yogurt
Formic acid Ant, bee
Malic acid Young apple
Tartaric Grapes
acid
Citric acid Oranges, lemon

Tanic acid Tea

Carbonic Carbonated drink
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acid
 Alkali
 Metal oxide or metal hydroxide is called base.
Sodium + Oxygen  Sodium oxide
Sodium oxide + water  Sodium hydroxide
 A base dissolves in water to produce an alkali.
 Example : Sodium hydroxide (oven cleaner),
sodium bicarbonate (baking powder)

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ACID AND ALKALI INDICATOR.
INDICATOR ACID NEUTRAL ALKALI

Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless Pink

Universal Red Green Blue

indicator

Methyl orange Red Yellow Yelllow

Blue litmus paper Red Blue Blue

Red litmus paper Red Red Blue

 An indicator is a coloring or mixture of different colorings

that changes colour based on the substances tested.
 Strength of Acids and alkalis
pH meter

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Ph Value

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 Application of Acids and Alkalis in
Daily Life
Types of Acids Uses
Ascorbic acid To make vitamin C
Boric acid To produce antiseptics
Benzoic acid To preserve food and fruits

Types of Alkali Uses

Magnesium To make antacids (milk of magnesia)
hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide To produce soap
Ammonium To make fertilizers
hydroxide
 6.2 NEUTRALISATION
 Chemical reaction that takes
place when an acid is mixed with
an alkaline solution to produce a
neutral salt and water.

 Acid+ Alkali → Salt + Water

 Neutralisation reduces the

alkalinity and acidity of solution.

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 TITRATION
 A process of adding the correct
amount of an acid to alkali to get
a neutral solution in known as
titration.

 At neutral point, acid reacts

completely with alkali and the
solution produced do not show
any acid or alkali properties and it
is pH 7.

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 ACID BASE INDOCATORS
 PHENOLPHTHALEIN
 In acid: colorless
 In alkali: pink
 In neutral: colorless
 UNIVERSAL INDICATOR
 Refer to the ph list at the bottle
 METIL ORANGE
 In acid: red
 In alkali: yellow
 In neutral: orange
LITMUS PAPER ????????
DISCUSSION
 Example of reaction acid and
alkali to produce salt

 Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium

chloride + water

 Sulphuric acid + Potassium hydroxide  Potassium

sulphate + water

 Nitric acid + Calcium hydroxide  Calcium nitrate + water

 Neutralization in Daily Life

1. Toothpaste is alkaline in order to neutralize

the acid produced by bacterial reaction on
the food in the mouth.
2. Slaked lime (alkaline) used to neutralize
acidic soil which is not suitable for
germination of seeds.
3. Bee stings (acidic) can be treated with
bicarbonate soda (alkaline)
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Neutralization in Daily Life
4. Indigestion is caused by too much acid in the
stomach can be treated with milk of magnesia
(alkaline)

5. Wasp sting is alkaline can be treated by using

vinegar (acid)