Microcontroller Interface

7 – Segment LED
Types – Common Anode
Types – Common Cathode
Number Pattern
Driver Circuit
LCD Display
LCD Display
LCD Display
 LCD Display Commands
• 0x06-Entry mode
• 0x0E-Display on cursor on
• 0x01-To clear display
• 0x38-5x7 matrix pixel
• 0x80-select first row first character
• 0xc0-select second row first character
• 0x0c-display on cursor off
 LCD Display Initialization
void lcd_init()
{
command(0x01);
command(0x06);
command(0x0c);
command(0x38);
}
 LCD Display Command
void command(unsigned char y)
{
TRISB = 0x00;
PORTB = y;
rs = 0;
en = 1;
for(i=0;i<30000;i++);
en=0;
}
 LCD Display Data
void write(unsigned char x)
{
TRISB = 0x00;
PORTB = x;
rs=1;
en=1;
for(i=0;i<30000;i++);
en=0;
}
Matrix Key Board
Matrix Key Board
 Matrix Key Board Initialization
#define X_1 RB0
#define X_2 RB1
#define X_3 RB2
#define X_4 RB3
#define Y_1 RB4
#define Y_2 RB5
#define Y_3 RB6
#define Y_4 RB7
#define Keypad_PORT PORTB
#define Keypad_PORT_Direction TRISB
 Matrix Key Board Initialization
Keypad_PORT = 0x00; // Set Keypad port pin values zero
Keypad_PORT_Direction = 0xF0;
 Matrix Key Board Scanning
X_1 = 0; X_2 = 1; X_3 = 1; X_4 = 1;
if (Y_1 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_1==0); return '1'; }
if (Y_2 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_2==0); return '2'; }
if (Y_3 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_3==0); return '3'; }
if (Y_4 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_4==0); return 'A'; }
 Matrix Key Board
X_1 = 1; X_2 = 0; X_3 = 1; X_4 = 1;
if (Y_1 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_1==0); return '4'; } if
(Y_2 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_2==0); return '5'; } if
(Y_3 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_3==0); return '6'; } if
(Y_4 == 0)
{ __delay_ms(100); while (Y_4==0); return 'B'; }
Key Bouncing
Servo Motor
Stepper Motor
Stepper Motor
• The rotation angle of the motor is proportional to the input pulse.
• The motor has full torque at standstill.
• Precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good
stepper motors have an accuracy of 3 – 5% of a step and this error
is non cumulative from one step to the next.
• Excellent response to starting, stopping and reversing.
• Very reliable since there are no contact brushes in the motor.
Therefore the life of the motor is simply dependent on the life of
the bearing.
• The motors response to digital input pulses provides open-loop
control, making the motor simpler and less costly to control.
• It is possible to achieve very low speed synchronous rotation with a
load that is directly coupled to the shaft.
• A wide range of rotational speeds can be realized as the speed is
proportional to the frequency of the input pulses.
 Stepper Motor - Unipolar

Full Step

Step Angle: 90 ° Step Angle: 45 °

Stepper Motor - Unipolar

1a 1b 2a 2b Position
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
 Full Step
Full Mode Sequence
Step A B A\ B\
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
2 0 0 1 1
3 1 0 0 1
 Half Step

Step A B A\ B\
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
2 0 1 1 0
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 0 1 1
5 0 0 0 1
6 1 0 0 1
7 1 0 0 0
Stepper Motor - Bipolar
 Bipolar
Polarity Sequence
Step A A\ B B\
0 +ve -ve -ve -ve
1 -ve -ve +ve -ve
2 -ve +ve -ve -ve
3 -ve -ve -ve +ve

Step Sequence
Step A A\ B B\
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 0 1
 EEPROM
• PIC16F877a – EEPROM- 256 X 8
• 8 bits wide, 256 locations  256 bytes
• EEPROM is not directly accessible.
• Indirectly accessed through SFR
 Contd…
• EEDATA - Data to be written or read
• EEADR - addresses of EEPROM to be accessed
• EECON1- bits controlling read and write
operation.

• EECON2- used only for EEPROM write cycle.

 EECON1

EEIE- interrupt enable- PIE2 , EEIF- interrupt flag- PIR2

 EEPROM READ
1. EEADR in BANK2. (banksel)

2. Load EEPROM address to be read in EEADR.

3. EECON1 in Bank2 (Banksel)

4. RD bit in EECON1 is set in program.

5. After Read is complete RD is cleared in hardware.( user cannot clear)

6. EEDATA in Bank3. (banksel)

7. Transfer data from EEDATA to desired location. (MOVF EEDATA, 0)

 EEPROM Write
1. Disable GIE (to prevent interrupts during write)
2. Load EEDATA and EEADR ( with data to be written and
location to be written)
3. EECON1 in bank3 (banksel)
4. WREN=1, write enable.
5. Carry out the sequence
1. 0x55 EECON2
Provided by microchip in datasheet
2. 0xAA EECON2
6. WR=1,in program( reset by hardware once write is finished)
7. Wait till WR becomes ‘0’
8. Enable GIE
9. Disable WREN