Scanners

• It is an input device which is used to change hard copy

into soft copy
• Scanners are devices which are used to scan images,
text, books and hand writing etc
• Scanners change all these into digital images
• Scanners are of different types
 Types of scanners

 Two Dimensional Scanner (2D Scanner)

 Three Dimensional Scanner (3D Scanner)
 Two Dimensional Scanner

These types of scanner are the most common form and are
generally used to input hard copy ( paper) documents. The
image is converted into an electronic form which can be
stored in a computer
 Three Dimensional Scanner

Also known as 3D scanners scan solid objects and produce

a three dimensional image. Since solid objects have x,y and
z coordinates, these scanners takes images at several points
along these three coordinates. In this way a digital image is
produced.
The scanned image can be used in Computer Aided Design
(CAD) or sent to a 3D printer to produce a working model of
the scanned image.
 Technologies used in 3D scanners

 Different type of technologies are used in 3D

scanners
 Laser, magnetic resonance, white light and some
others are used
 The detailed explanation is beyond the scope of
grade 9 and 10
 Application of 2D scanners

 2D scanners are used on airports to read passports

 Passports are scanned in the form of images which are not editable
 Then OCR ( Optical Character Reader ) technology is used to make
these images editable
 Then further manipulation (changing/modification) can be applied on
these images
 OCR software is able to review these images, it can select the text and
can put into the correct fields of existing database
 Application of 2D scanners

 The 2D photograph in the passport is also scanned

and stored as a jpeg image
 A passenger’s face is also photographed using a
digital camera ( a 2D image is taken so that it can
be matched to the image taken from the passport)
 The two digital images are compared using face
recognition/detection software
 Positions used by face detection software

 The data used for face recognition is given as under:

 Distance between the eyes
 Width of the nose
 Shape of the cheek bones
 Length of the jaw line
 Shape of the eyebrows
When the image from the passport and the image from the camera are
compared , these key positions on the face determine whether or not
the two images represent the same face
Application of 3D scanning –Computed Tomography
(CT) scanner

 Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging procedure that uses

special x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas
inside the body. It is also called computerized tomography and
computerized axial tomography (CAT).
 Computed Tomography (CT) scanners are used to create a 3D image of
a solid object.
 In this technology an image of solid object is made as a series of very
thin slices. Each slice is then stored as a digital image in the computer
memory.
 The tomographic scanner has different names .For Example:
 X-Rays CT Scanners Computerized Tomography
 Radio frequencies MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Gamma Rays SPECT Single Photon Emission
Compound Tomography
 Bar Code Reader

 A bar code consists of vertical lines of different thickness that

represent a number which can be read automatically using light
sensing methods by a device known as a bar code reader.
 The bar code placed on an item represents data that identifies :
 The item number
 Its manufacturer
 Country of origin
 As the price of an item can change , it is not included in the bar code.
When a bar code is read, the item’s name and price are retrieved from
the items file.
 Point of sale terminals in a supermarket usually have scanners that read
bar codes by passing the item over them
 These terminals are able to produce itemized receipts for the customers
.
 Bar Code Reader

 Identity cards, airline tickets , train ticket ,

telephone bills, books in a library etc all have bar
code on them.
 Which items are being sold quickly
 Which items are being sold to avoid inventory build up
 Best selling and more profitable items can be shelved properly
 Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations/changes
very accurately.
 Which items are not being sold can be reprised
 Can be used to maintain the record of regular customers and
their buying records
 To offer special offers to regular customers
 Quick Response Code

 This is another type of barcode also known as QR

code
 These are made up of a matrix of filled in dark
squares on a light background
 Microphones

 Microphones are used to input sound to a computer.

For Example
 Doing a voice over in a presentation
 Part of speech recognition system
 Part of voice recognition system
 Enabling a disabled person to communicate with a computer
 Microphones are either built in or might be attached externally using
USB port or wireless connectivity
 When a microphone picks up sound, a diaphragm vibrates producing
an electric signal. This signal goes to sound card and is converted into
digital values stored into the computer
 Use of Microphone in Voice Recognition

 If the microphone is being used in a VOICE RECOGNITION system,

the user’s voice is detected and then converted into digital. The spoken
words make a digital wave pattern. Software compares these wave
pattern to the wave pattern already stored in memory to see if they
match. If they match then the person is correctly identified.
 Only few words can be used since system is designed to recognize only
a few key phrases
 Speech Recognition

 It is a different and more complex technology. This

also used to input words spoken by a user. But this
time the software doesn’t try to recognize the
person talking. The spoken words are recognized
and shown on a screen, input into a word processor
or used in other application.
 Touch Screen

 Touch screen are now a very common form of input device. They allow
simple touch to launch an application or to carry out many of the
functions of pointing devices such as a mouse.
 Touch screen technology is being widely used in mobile phones
 There are three major type of touch screen technologies applied to
mobile phone screens
 Capatative ,infra red and resistive