UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION I

CHAPTER-3
BUILDING DRAWINGS
(Daniel T.)
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

CONTENTS
20
 Introduction
 Drawing for building construction
 Working drawings

 Hatching, symbols and notations

 Construction drawings are prepared so that designers can
communicate their requirements to the contractor in a clear, concise
and unambiguous manner.
 They are also used:
 to prepare bill of quantities
 as part of contract document
 Building construction drawings:
 Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated
 Clarity is most important
 Written descriptions should be as brief as possible
 Should be Consistent with completeness
 Should be well dimensioned and should be drawn to scale
 The lettering used should be clear

3
 Construction drawings can be prepared:
 By hand assisted by various templates or
 Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)

 The use of computer programs in building drawing:

 Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly, precisely, and
efficiently
 Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
 Enables printing to required sizes and color
 It can easily be communicated via networks and e-mails and
integrated with other programs
 Enables to reduce contract time and eases communication between
parties in construction.
 Minimizes the need for storage space

4
 Drawing Equipment
 In order to produce construction drawings manually, items like
drawing board, drawing paper, drawing pencil, ruler, ink, eraser,
various time saving devices such as templates, protractor, t-square,
setsquares, etc. are required.

T-square
French curves
Drawing board Set squares

5
 Drawing for building construction shall include:
 Site plan
 Sketch drawings
 Working drawings
 Detailed drawings
 Construction drawings and
 Installation drawings

SITE PLAN
 A site is a parcel of land which is made up of one, two or more
plots.
 A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms of their
owners, locations, elevations, states of development and features
such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.

6
SITE PLAN (cont…)

Site plan
7
Sketch drawings
 Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing the
general arrangements of buildings.
 They are often drawn free hand in pencils.

 They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or more

elevations and a cross-section of the building.

8
Detailed drawings
 They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending on the
complexity of the building.
 They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.

 They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gutter to

down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, metal and
wood joineries, etc.

9
Detailed drawings (cont...)

10
Construction drawings
 They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for construction
in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.
 They provide important information for the resident engineer and
foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.
Installation drawings
 Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and drainage
pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.
 For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.

11
12
First floor sanitary installation

13
Working drawings
 They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions given to
avoid the need for taking measurements from scale.
 They comprise of all plans and elevations as well as an adequate
number of cross-sections.
 The materials to be used for the various parts of the building should
be indicated in different symbols.
 They are the most important components of building drawings since
they provide detail information on the internal as well as the
external view of a building.
 They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.

14
Floor plan drawings
 The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a
building that would be seen when the building was cut horizontally
about 1.2m above the floor level.
 It provides more specific information about the design of the
building than any other plan.
 It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.

 The major steps in floor plan drawings preparation are:

 Laying center line of walls,
 Marking window and door openings,
 Marking wall thickness,
 Locating furniture positions,
 Indicating material type,
 Adding measurements and other details.

15
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

16
Floor plan drawings (cont…)

17
Elevation drawings
 Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a
building.
 They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and
final appearance of the exterior of a building.
 Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an
architectural drawing.
 The major steps in projecting elevations are:
 Projecting vertical lines
 Projecting horizontal lines
 Locating roof lines
 Adding elevation symbols
 Providing elevation dimensions
 Description of material used and finishing type

18
Elevation drawings (cont…)

19
20
21
22
Sectional drawings
 Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.

 Architectural section drawings are prepared

 For the entire structure (full sections) or
 For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
 The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes through the
building and divides it into sections.
 Longitudinal section
 Transverse section
 Offset section
 Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as footings,
window sill, cornice, gutter line and ridge sections.

23
Sectional drawings (cont…)

24
25
Hatchings
 The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being
used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
 They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
 In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.

26
Symbols
 These are graphical representations and should wherever possible
be drawn to scale.
 They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clearly
drawn.

27
THANK YOU!

28