Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite

ALEGRE, KEITH RUSSEL C.

BALICUDIONG, AUBREY SHEN F.
CAS, KRISTHALINE P.
CLIMACO, JEAN DAVID P.
Learning
Disabilities
LEARNING DISABILITY
-A Learning disability is a
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER that
affects information processing

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
-are diseases of the brain , spine and nerves
Learning Disabilities also
refers to a group of
disorder
WARNING AND SIGN OF A
LEARNING DISABILITY

 There is no single sign that shows a person has

a learning disability.
 trouble learning the alphabet, rhyming words, or matching letters to
their sounds
 Make many mistakes when reading aloud, and repeat and pause
often Not understand what he or she reads
 Have real trouble with spelling
 Have very messy handwriting or hold a pencil awkwardly
 Struggle to express ideas in writing
 Learn language late and have a limited vocabulary
 Have trouble remembering the sounds that letters make, or in
hearing slight differences between words
 Have trouble understanding jokes, comic strips, and sarcasm
 Have trouble following directions
 Mispronounce words or use a wrong word that sounds similar
 Have trouble organizing what he or she wants to say or not be able to
think of the word needed for writing or conversation
 Not follow the social rules of conversation, such as taking turns, and
may stand too close to the listener
 Confuse math symbols and misread numbers
 Not be able to retell a story in order (what happened first, second,
third)
 Not know where to begin a task or how to go on from there
HEREDETARY
Learning disabilities often
run in the family. Children
with learning disabilities
are likely to have parents
or relatives with
difficulties.
PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY
AND BIRTH

Learning disabilities can result

from abnormalities in developing
brain, illness or injuries, fatal
exposure to alcohol or drugs,
low birth weight, or by
premature or prolonged labor.
INCIDENTS AFTER BIRTH

Learning disabilities
can also be caused by
head injuries,
malnutrition, or by toxic
posture.
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
LEARNING
DISABILITIES
LANGUAGE PROCESSING
DISORDER

 Receptive Language Issues -

understanding
 Expressive Language Issues
- expressing
 Mixed receptive- expressive
Language Issues
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
STRATEGIES

 Speak slowly and clearly, use

simple words
 Tape recorder for note- taking
 Use Graphic organizers
 Write main concepts on board
 Use visualization techniques to
enhance listening and
comprehension
DYSCALCULIA
- may have poor
comprehension of math
symbols, may struggle with
memorizing and ordering
numbers, have difficulty
telling time or have trouble
with counting.
TYPES OF DYSCALCULIA
 Verbal –difficulty naming and
understanding mathematical concepts
presented verbally.
-can read and write numbers but they have
a hard time recognizing them.
 Practognostic –difficulty translating
an abstract mathematical concept to a
real concept.
-have trouble listing, comparing and
manipulating mathematical equations.
 Lexical -Trouble reading and
understanding mathematical symbols and
numbers, as well as mathematical
expressions or equations.
- Understand concept when spoken.

 Graphical -Difficulty writing

mathematical symbols.
-understand the mathematical concepts but
do not have the ability to read, write, or
use the correct corresponding symbols.
 Ideognostical -difficulty carrying out
mental operations without using
numbers.
-have a hard time remembering
mathematical concepts .

 Operational -difficulty to complete

written or spoken mathematical
operations or calculations.
-have trouble manipulating numbers and
mathematical symbols in the calculation
process.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
STRATEGIES

 Allow use of fingers and scratch papers

 Use diagrams and draw math concepts

 Suggest use of colored pencils to

differentiate problems
 Use rhythm and music to teach math facts
and to set steps to a beat
 Draw pictures of word problems
DYSLEXIA
 The severity of this specific learning
disability can differ in each
individual but can affect reading
fluency, decoding, reading
comprehension, recall, writing,
spelling, and sometimes speech and
can exist along with other related
disorders. Dyslexia is sometimes
referred to as a Language-Based
Learning Disability.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
STRATEGIES

 Provide a quiet area for activities like reading,

answering comprehension questions
 Use books on tape

 Use books with large print and big spaces

between lines
 Provide a copy of lecture notes

 Allow alternative forms for book reports

 Allow the use of a laptop or other computer for

in-class essays
 Use multi-sensory teaching methods
DYSGRAPHIA

Affects a person’s
handwriting ability and
fine motor skills.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
STRATEGIES
 Suggest use of word processor
 Avoid chastising student for sloppy, careless work
 Use oral exams
 Allow use of tape recorder for lectures
 Allow the use of a note taker
 Provide notes or outlines to reduce the amount of
writing required
 Reduce copying aspects of work (pre-printed math
problems)
 Allow use of wide rule paper and graph paper
 Suggest use of pencil grips and /or specially designed
writing aids
 Provide alternatives to written assignments (video-
taped reports, audio-taped reports)