INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE ABHISHEK JANGRA

GAURAV SHARMA
(INTRO) JATIN AGGARWAL
INDEX
 WHAT IS ISLAM?
 PRINCIPLES OF ISLAM
 PRINCIPLES OF ISLAM IN FORM TYPES
ORIGIN OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
 ARCHITECTURE IMPLEMENTATION OF IT
BUILDINGS OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
MOSQUES
MADRASA
TOMB
BAGH
ISLAM
Islam is abrahmic monotheistic religion teaching that there is
only one god allah.
It is the world’s second largest religion after christanity.
Followers are known as muslim.
Islam teaches that god is merciful all-powerful uniqueand
has guided through prophets, revealed scripture and natural
signs.
Muslims believe quran to be the final and ultimate revelation
of god.
The cities of mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, are home to the
three holiest sites of islam.
PRINCIPLES OF ISLAM (FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM)
The five pillars are the five mandatory acts considered mandatory in
the religion.
Summarized in the hadith of Gabriel.
The shia, ahmadiyya, and sunni agree on the essential details for the
performance of the acts, but shia don’t refer to them with the same
name.
They make up muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self-
purifaction, and the pilgrimage if one is able.
 ISLAM IN SUNNI AND SHIA
PILLARS OF SUNNI ISLAM PILLARS OF SHIA ISLAM
DECLARARTION OF FAITH BELIEF IN THE ONENESS OF ALLAH
OBLIGATORY PRAYER BELIEF IN ALLAH’S JUSTICE
COMPULSORY GIVING PROPHETHOOD
FASTING IN THE MONTH OF SUCCESSION TO MUHAMMAD
RAMADAN
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT AND THE
PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA RESURRECTION
 ORIGIN OF INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Indo-Islamic architecture is the
architecture of the Indian subcontinent
produced for Islamic patrons and
purposes.
Despite an earlier Muslim presence in
Sindh in modern Pakistan, its main history
begins when Muhammad of Ghor made
Delhi a Muslim capital in 1193.
Islamic buildings initially had to adapt
the skills of a workforce trained in earlier
Indian traditions to their own designs.
Unlike most of the Islamic world, where
brick tended to predominate, India had
highly skilled builders very well used to
producing stone masonry of extremely
high quality.
As well as the main style developed in Delhi and later
Mughal centres, a variety of regional styles grew up,
especially where there were local Muslim rulers. By the
Mughal period, generally agreed to represent the
peak of the style, aspects of Islamic style began to
influence architecture made for Hindus, with even
temples using scalloped arches, and later domes. This
was especially the case in palace architecture.
Indo-Islamic architecture has left influences on modern
Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi architecture, and was
the main influence on the so-called Indo-Saracenic
Revival architecture introduced in the last century of the
British Raj.
Both secular and religious buildings are influenced by
Indo-Islamic architecture which exhibit Indian, Islamic,
Persian, Central Asian, Arabic and Ottoman Turkish
influences.
 ARCHITECTURE IMPLEMENTATION
TAJ MAHAL
The tomb is the centrepiece of a
17-hectare. The Taj Mahal was
designated as a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1983
for being "the jewel of Muslim
art in India and one of the
universally admired
masterpieces of the world's
heritage". It is regarded by
many as the best example of
Mughal architecture and a
symbol of India's rich history.
The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8
million visitors a year.
ARCHITECTURE IMPLEMENTATION
QUTUB MINAR
The Qutub Minar, also spelled
as Qutab Minar, or Qutb Minar,
is the tallest minaret in the
world made up of bricks. The
minaret forms a part of the
Qutab complex, a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in the
Mehrauli area of Delhi,
India.Qutub Minar is a 73-
metre (239.5 feet) tall tapering
tower of five storeys, with a
14.3 metres (47 feet) base
diameter, reducing to 2.7
metres (9 feet) at the top of the
peak. It contains a spiral
staircase of 379 steps. Its
design is thought to have been
based on the Minaret of Jam,
in western Afghanistan.
BUILDINGS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECURE
MOSQUES
A mosque is a place of worship for Muslims.
There are strict and detailed requirements in Sunni
jurisprudence for a place of worship to be considered a
mosque, with places that do not meet these requirements
regarded as musallas.
Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer
halls, in varying styles of architecture.
Mosques originated on the Arabian Peninsula, but are now
found in all inhabited continents.
The mosque serves as a place where Muslims can come
together for Ṣalāh as well as a center for information,
education, social welfare, and dispute settlement.
 The Imām leads the congregation in prayer.
 MOSQUES
DOMES
The domes, often placed directly above the main
prayer hall, may signify the vaults of the heaven and
sky. As time progressed, domes grew, from occupying a
small part of the roof near the mihrab to encompassing
the whole roof above the prayer hall. Although domes
normally took on the shape of a hemisphere, the
Mughals in India popularized onion-shaped domes in
South Asia which has gone on to become characteristic
of the Arabic architectural style of dome. Some
mosques have multiple, often smaller, domes in addition
to the main large dome that resides at the center.
 MOSQUES
MINARATES
A common feature in mosques is the minaret, the tall,
slender tower that usually is situated at one of the corners
of the mosque structure. The top of the minaret is always
the highest point in mosques that have one, and often the
highest point in the immediate area.
The tallest minaret in the world is located at the Hassan II
Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco. It has a height of 210
metres (689 ft) and completed in 1993, it was designed by
Michel Pinseau.
The first minaret was constructed in 665 in Basra during
the reign of the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I.
 The oldest standing minaret in the world is the minaret of
the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia.
 MOSQUES
MIHRAB

A miḥrāb in Mecca, and hence the direction

that Muslims should face when praying. The
wall in which a mihrab appears is thus the
"qibla wall." Mihrabs should not be
confused with the minbar addresses the
congregation.
BUILDINGS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECURE
MADRASA
Madrasa is the Arabic word for any type of
educational institution, whether secular or religious
(of any religion), and whether a school, college, or
university.
 The word is variously transliterated madrasah,
medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc.
 In the West, the word usually refers to a specific
type of religious school or college for the study of
the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only
subject studied.
In countries like India, not all students in madrasas
are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum.
BUILDINGS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECURE
TOMB
A tomb is a repository for the remains of the
dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed
interment space or burial chamber, of varying
sizes.
an enclosure for a corpse cut in the earth or in
rock.
a monument to the memory of a dead person,
erected over their burial place.
BUILDINGS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECURE
BAGH
Bāgh usually translated as garden, refers to
an enclosed area with permanent cultures
(many types of trees and shrubs) as well as
flowers. Also known as Bageecha or Bagicha.
The elements of a Bāgh consist of the
following
Natural conditions and materials:
Soil Rocks Light conditions Wind
Rain Air quality Plant materials
Genius loci
Man-made elements:
Paths Lighting
Raised beds Pool, Pond
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