A Presentation on

Regulated DC Power Supply

SOLID STATE PHYSICS LABORATORY (SSPL)

DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
(MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, GOVT. OF INDIA)
LUCKNOW ROAD, TIMARPUR DELHI- 110054

Presented by : Under guidance of :

Ravinder Singh Mr. Fahim Durani
Roll no:1504320029 Sc. E , SSPL, DRDO, New delhi
Content
• Introduction
• Different Stages of DC Power Supply
• Transformer Stage
• Rectifier Stage
• Filter Stage
• Regulation Stage
• Schematic of Regulated DC Power Supply
• Project Description
• Result
 Introduction
All electronic circuits need smooth DC power supply in
order to function correctly.

The DC power supplied either from battery or power pack

units.
 Contd.
But the Battery power supply may not be
economical to use.

So, dc power for electronic circuit is most

conveniently obtained from commercial ac lines
by using rectifier-filter system, called a dc power
supply.
Different Stages of DC Power Supply

There are mainly four Stages in the production of

regulated dc power supply from commercial ac
input supply:

The Transformer Stage

The Rectifier Stage
The Filter Stage
The Regulation stage
 Transformer Stage
A Transformer is a static electrical
device which transfers AC electrical
power from one circuit to the other
circuit at the constant frequency.
It uses the principle of Transformer (12-0-12), 500mA
Electromagnetic Induction for the
transfer of Power.
 Contd.
On the basis of voltage, there are two types of
transformer:
Step-up Transformer: On a step-up transformer the
induced voltage across the secondary coil is greater
than the applied voltage across the primary coil. i.e. n1
< n2.
Step-down Transformer: On a step-up transformer
the induced voltage across the secondary coil is less
than the applied voltage across the primary coil. i.e. n1
> n2.
 Rectifier Stage
After the transformer stage, the output
voltage is AC of a suitable stepped-
down voltage.
To get a constant dc supply from the
AC the most important step is to
convert the bipolar AC to unipolar
pulsating DC.
To perform this function, the rectifier
stage is used in DC power supply.
Types of Rectifier
There are many possible ways to construct rectifier
circuits for a dc power supply using diodes. The
three basic types of rectifier circuits used are:
Half Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Centre Tap Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier

Diode (1N4007)
Half Wave Rectifier:

Half Wave Rectifier Input/Output waveform

Full Wave Centre Tap Rectifier:

Centre Tap Rectifier Input/Output waveform

Bridge Rectifier:

Bridge Rectifier Input/Output waveform

 Filter Stage
Filter is an electronic circuit composed of a
capacitor, inductor (or) combination of both and
connected between the rectifier and the load so as to
convert pulsating dc to pure dc.

The different types of filter are:

1. Inductor Filter
2. Capacitor Filter
3. LC or L-Section Filter
4. CLC or π – Section Filter The Inductor
Inductor Filter:

Inductor Filter Output Voltage Waveform

Capacitor Filter:

Capacitor Filter Output Voltage Waveform

LC or L-Section Filter:

LC Filter Output Waveform

CLC or π – Section Filter:

CLC Filter Output Waveform

Regulation Stage
The rectifier-filter combination constitutes an
ordinary d.c. power supply.
The d.c. voltage from an ordinary power supply
remains constant so long as a.c. mains voltage or
load is unaltered.
However, d.c. voltage should remain constant
irrespective of changes in a.c. mains or load.
Under such situations, voltage regulating devices
are used with ordinary power supply.
 Contd.
There are basic two types of
voltage regulators viz.,

(i) Series voltage regulator

ex- IC voltage regulator
Series and Shunt Voltage Regulator
(ii) Shunt voltage regulator
ex- Zener Diode
Schematic of Regulated DC Power
Supply
Project Description
Component List:
i. Step Down Transformer
ii. Diodes
iii. Capacitors
iv. Voltage Regulator
v. LED
vi. PCB
 Step down Transformer
• Selecting a suitable transformer is of great
importance. The current rating and the
secondary voltage of the transformer is a
crucial factor.
• The input voltage to the 7805 IC should be
at least 2V greater than the required 5V
output, therefore it requires an input
voltage at least close to 7V. Transformer (12-0-12), 500mA

• So chose a 12-0-12 transformer with

current rating 500mA (Since 12*√2 =
16.8V).
 Diode
• Diodes are two terminal
Semiconductor devices, which
are used here for the purpose of
rectification.

Diodes (1N4007)
• 4 Silicon diodes (1N4007) are
used here as full wave rectifier.
 Capacitor
• A capacitor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that stores
potential energy in an electric field.
Here it is used as filter and
smoothing circuit. Electrolytic Capacitor

• One electrolyte and one ceramic

capacitor is used with rating as
follows:
• One 1000μF and one 0.01μF
capacitors are used Ceramic Capacitor
Voltage Regulator
• As we require a 5V, we need LM7805
Voltage Regulator IC.
• 7805 IC Rating :
* Input voltage range 7V- 35V
* Current rating Ic = 1A LM 7805

* Output voltage range: VMax=5.2V

,VMin=4.8V
Result
The above power supply gives an output of 5V
regulated dc across zener diode with a noise of 400
mV .
Thank You...