Chapter four

Electric Power Systems protection

Generation Transmission Distribution Consumption

M
G

Generation Transmission Distribution Load

SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS
Transformers

Reactors

Circuit Breaker
Current Transformers
Capacitive Voltage Transformers
Isolators

Lightning Arrestors

Wave Trap
Battery system
Auxiliary power supply
For proper operation power system has to
have the following.
Protection

Monitoring

Control

Communication
Protection


 The main task for Relay Protection

U I
• Protect people and property
around the power system

C
• Protect equipment, lines etc..
E

in the power system

• Separate the faulty part from

the rest of the power system

© ABB Group
April 12, 2019 | Slide 6
K
 Fault Clearance System

Protection System

CT Circuit Breaker

Circuit
Protection Breaker
VT Trip
Equipment Mecha-
Coil
nism
TE

DC-System
Requirement for protection system
The goal of economic dispatch is to determine the
generation dispatch that minimizes the instantaneous
operating cost, subject to the constraint that total
generation = total load + losses
Initially we'll ignore generator limits and the losses