CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

OF STRESSMETER,LOAD
CELL,AND INSTRUMENTED
ROCK BOLT
NAME- SANDEEP KUMAR PRAJAPATI
ROLL NO.- 16152017
CLASS – M.TECH
DEPARTMENT OF MINING
ENGINEERING IIT (BHU)
VARANASI(221005)
WIBRATING WIRE STRESSETER

CONSTRUCTION
WORKING
• THEORY OF OPERATION
Vibrating wire stressmeter are designed primarily for long term
measurements of stress change in rock, by utilizing vibrating wire
transducer to measure the deformation of a thick-walled steel ring
preloaded into a borehole by a wedge and platen assembly.
In use, changing in rockstresses impose changing loads on the gauge
body causing the body to deflect, and this deflection is noted as a
change in tension and resonant frequency of vibration of vibrating wire
element.
The square of the vibration frequency is directly proportional to the
change in diameter of the gage and, by calibration, to the change in
stress in the rock.
The actual calibration of the gage depends upon the many factors
including host rock elastic constant, the pre-stress applied during
installation, the orientation of the stressmeter with respect to the
principal rock stress direction and platen contact area.
A coil and magnetic assembly located close to the wire is used both to
excite the wire and sense the resultant frequency of vibration.
• INSTALLATION OF STRESSMETER
1) Borehole requarements-Stressmeter are designed to be used in
smooth walled diamond drill holes.
2) Preliminary checks- Upon receipt of the streemeter te zero reading
should be checked and noted with the temperature if a thermister is
included in the gage. Gage connections are normally red to red and
black to black.
3) Attaching the Wedge/Platen assembly- The Wedge/Platen
assembly are shipped separately . They are held together by a nylon
screw and nut.
4) Setting of Stressmeter -
STRAIN GAUGED LOAD CELL
CONSTRUCTION-
WORKING:
• THEORY OF OPERATION- When steel cylinder is subjected to a
force, it tends to change in dimension. On this cylinder, if the strain
gauges are bonded, the strain gauge also is stretched or compressed,
causing a change in its length and diameter. This change in dimension
of the strain gauge causes its resistance to change. This change in
resistance or output voltage of the strain gauge becomes a measure of
applied force.
• OPERATION OF STRAIN GAUGED LOAD CELL:
Case1- When there is no load (force) on the steel cylinder, all the four
gauges will have the same resistance. As the terminals N and P are at the
same potential, the wheat stone bridge is balanced and hence the output
voltage will be zero.
Case2-Now the load (force) to be measured (say compression force) is
applied on the steel cylinder. Due to this, the vertical gauges R1 and R4
will under go compression and hence there will be a decrease in
resistance. At the same time, the horizontal gauges R2 and R3 will
under go tension and there will be an increase in resistance. Thus when
strained, the resistance of the various gauges change.
Now the terminal N and P will be at different potential and the change
in output voltage due to the applied load (force) becomes a measure of
the applied load force when calibrated.
INSTRUMENTED ROCK BOLT
CONSTRUCTION
WORKING-
• A Positive value indicates tensile strain.
• A negative value indicates compressive strain.
• Uniform tension would be indicated if bot gauges of a pair have the
same positive magnitude of strain.
• Difference in the magnitude of strain indicates some degree of
bending.
• Axial strain is obtained from calculating average strain from each pair.
• Reference
• J.C. Johnson et. al , use of strain gauged rock bolts to measure rock
mass strain during drift development.
• http://instrumentationandcontrollers.blogspot.com/2010/09/strain-
gauge-load-cell.html
• Geokon, Instruction manual, vibrating wire stressmeter 4300
series(EX,BX,NX).