By : PRITIKA PRIYA

Roll no : 67
2K18 Batch
 It is an aldohexose.
 It is a monosachharide which is an
epimer of glucose.
 It is found in dairy products, raffinose of
sugar beets other gums and mucilages.
 It is also sythesised by the body, where it
forms the part of glycolipids and
glycoprotein in several tissue.
 GALACTOKINASE REACTION:- with the help
of this enzyme, galactose is the first
phosphorylated to Galactose-1-phosphate.

 Galactose-1-phosphate Uridyl
Transferase(GALT):- rate limiting enzyme

 EPIMERASE REACTION:- It is the dietary

supply of galactose is deficient, UDP-
glucose can be epimerized to UDP
galactose.
GALACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST

 A liver function test is performed in

laboratory to determine the liver’s ability
to convert sugar galactose into
glycogen.
 It is measured by the rate of excretion of
galactose following ingestion or
intravenous injection of a known amount
; normally, less than 3g appears in urine
within 5hrs after the ingestion of 50g.
 Two methods :-
 oral method
 Intravenous method
 The oral method requires about 5hrs to
complete and the intravenous method,
which is more accurate, requires about
2hrs.
 With the oral method, elimination of more
than 3gms of galactose in the urine during
a 5hrs period indicates liver damage.
 With the intravenous method, all galactose
should have been eliminated from the
blood 45mins after its injection.
 Galactose tolerance test mainly indicate
whether or not the liver functioning is
normal. If d liver function isn’t normal
then following features may be seen:-

1. GALACTOSEMIA:
Due to the deficiency of the enzyme
galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase ,
Galactose-1-phosphate accumulates in
liver which inhibits galactokinase.
2. KERNICTERUS
It is the accumulation of bilirubin in the
brain of the newborn due to the poor
development of blood brain barrier and
causes mental retardation.

3. CONGENITAL CATARACT
It is due to the accumulation of dulcitol in
the lens that results in cataract due to its
osmotic effect.

4. GLYCOSURIA
 TREATMENT
 No treatment or cannot be cured but
with the maturation most children
develop another enzyme capable of
metabolising galactose. As a
consequence, they are able to tolerate
galactose as they mature.
 Dietary restrictions, avoid food and drinks
containing galactose like milk , cheese ,
legumes (dried beans), fermented soya
products, organ meat and hydrolysed
proteins.