Part 2.

ENVIRONMENTAL Identification
detail of
FORENSICS Chlorinated
solvents
 LARUTAN KLORIN

 Merupakan kontaminan yang paling sering ditemukan dalam

investigasi lingkungan.
Jenisnya :
 Trichloroethylene (TCE),
 tetrachloroethylene (PCE),
 methylene chloride (MC),
 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane (TCA),
 trichlorotrifluoroethane(Freon -113).
 KLASIFIKASI LARUTAN KLORIN
• NAPL (non-aqueous phase
liquid)
 •tidak dapat dicampur
(immiscible) dengan air
LNAPL (light non-aqueous phase
liquid)
 Compounds with a fluid
density less than water (about
1 .01 g/cm3) and include
mineral spirits # 10, hexane,
gasoline, benzene, butyl
acetate, turpentine, ether,
crude oil, and diethyl sulfide
• DNAPL (dense non -aqueous
phase liquid)
 a chemical with a fluid density
greater than 1 .01 g/cm3 and
a vapor pressure less than
300 torr
 acetic acid, phenol,
dichloroethylene, carbon
disulfide,
 naphthalene, polychlorinated
biphenyls, ethylene dichloride,
sulfuric acid, parathion,
 tetrachloroethylene,
trichloroethylene, and methyl
bromide
Degradation pathways of PCE, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,2-DCA, and carbon tetrachloride. (Data
from Vogel et al., 1987a,b; McCarty, 1993, 1994; Pankow and Cherry, 1996.)
 TRANSPORT OF CHLORINATED
SOLVENTS THROUGH SOIL
 Distribusi melalui daerah tak jenuh dan pinggiran kapiler
sebagai residu jenuh
 Adanya molecular dif fusion (the transport of a chemical from
a region of higher concentration to lower concentration)
 Tergantung pada tegangan inter muka
 Tegangan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh:
• Duration and volume of the release
• Density and viscosity of the fluid
• Pressures driving the liquid
• Intrinsic permeability of the soil
• Degree of free product saturation of the soil
• Presence of preferential pathways such as fractured rock or
slickensides found in silt or clayey soils
 PERPINDAHAN LAINNYA...

 Ko-solvasi (cosolvation)
 Uap
 Pinggir kapiler
 Groundwater
 Fracture
 Fracture dalam media berpori