HUMIDIFICATION/

DEHUMIDIFICATION/
WATER COOLING
An Introduction
 Humidification operations
• Process in with the contact of a pure liquid
with a gas for the purpose of changing the
vapor content of the gas and/or adding or
removing heat from the contacting phase
• This includes humidification,
dehumidification, air-conditioning and water
cooling
 HUMIDITY
lb 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟
1. Absolute humidity 𝐻 =
lb 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑃𝐴 𝑀𝐴
𝐻= ∙
𝑃𝑇 −𝑃𝐴 𝑀𝐵
2. Saturation Humidity – maximum amount of vapor
that a gas can contain which is in equilibrium with the liquid at a
given temperature.
𝑃𝐴∗ 𝑀𝐴
𝐻𝑠 = ∙
𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴∗ 𝑀𝐵
3. Relative humidity, 𝐻𝑅
𝑃𝐴
𝐻𝑅 = ∗ 100%
𝑃𝐴
4. Percentage saturation/humidity, 𝐻𝐴
𝐻 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴∗
𝐻𝐴 = 100% = 𝐻𝑅
𝐻𝑠 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴
*𝐻𝑠 is at the gas temperature
5. Humid volume, 𝑣𝐻 , 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑙𝑏
𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇 1 𝐻
𝑣𝐻 = 𝑣𝐵 + 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑛𝐵 + 𝑛𝐴 = +
𝑃 𝑃 𝑀𝐵 𝑀𝐴
At 1atm,
359𝑇 1 𝐻
𝑣𝐻 = + (𝐸𝑛𝑔)
492 𝑀𝐵 𝑀𝐴
22.4𝑇 1 𝐻
𝑣𝐻 = + (𝑆𝐼)
273 𝑀𝐵 𝑀𝐴
6. Humid heat 𝑐𝑠 – heat capacity/sp. heat of
gas
𝑐𝑠 = 𝑐𝑝𝐵 + 𝐻𝑐𝑝𝐴
For air/water system:
𝑐𝑠 = 0.24 + 0.46𝐻 (𝐸𝑛𝑔, 𝐵𝑡𝑢 /𝑙𝑏𝑑𝑔 −𝑜 𝐹)
𝑐𝑠 = 1.005 + 1.88𝐻 (𝑆𝐼, 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝑑𝑔 −𝑜 𝐶)
7. Enthalpy of gas mixture, 𝑖
𝑖
= 𝑐𝑝𝐵 𝑇𝑦 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 + 𝐻𝑐𝑝𝐴 𝑇𝑦 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 + 𝐻𝜆 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
= 𝑐𝑠 𝑇𝑦 − 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 + 𝐻𝜆 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓
8. adiabatic saturation temperature

Heat balance:
𝜆𝑠 𝐻 − 𝐻𝑠 = −𝑐𝑠 𝑇𝑦 − 𝑇𝑠
9. Wet-bulb temperature-the SS temperature of
liquid evaporating to a large body of gas. Heat
and mass transfer around this small mass of
liquid:

For air water system

ADIABATIC HUMIDIFICATION
• CONDITIONS:
DEHUMIDIFICATION
 WATER COOLING
• Hot water is being cooled down through
contact with air
• Air undergoes a non-adiabatic humidification
process
• Similar to dehumidification process in terms of
design