Treatment and Disposal of Sludge

stabilization

thickening conditioning dewater

drying disposal
Thickening

‧Suatu proses untuk menaikkan kandungan

solid (dari 0.5 – 1.5 % menjadi 2 – 3 %)
didalam sludge dengan mengurangi
kandungan air nya.
Metoda penurunan kadar air dapat
dilakukan dengan cara :
- Pengendapan secara gravitasi.
- Pengapungan dengan pelarutan udara.
Gravity thickener
Stabilization

‧Solids and biosolids are stabilized to :

- reduce pathogens,
- eliminate offensive odors,
DEWATERING
 BELT – FILTER PRESS
 SLUDGE DRYING BED
 SLUDGE LAGOON
BELT – FILTER PRESS
Belt filter
press
SLUDGE STABILIZATION
SLUDGE – DRYING BED
 Umumnya dipergunakan untuk
pengeringan sludge dari Small –
Medium IPAL.
 Pengeringan terjadi karena
penguapan alamiah dan infiltrasi.
 Susunan Media : Gravel dan Sand
dengan ketinggian dry – sludge
yaitu (20 – 30) cm.
Susunan media
Ukuran Media Ketinggian media (cm)

Fine Sand 15

Coarse sand 7,5

Fine gravel 7,5

Medium Gravel 7,5

Coarse gravel 7,5 - 15

Desain Kriteria
Jenis Sludge Population Solid Loading Rate (SLR)
Equivalent (kg dry solid/(m2.tahun)
(m2/orang)
Primary Digested 0,1 120 – 150

Primary & TF Sludge 0,12 - 0,16 90 – 120

digested

Primary & Activated 0,16 – 0,23 60 – 100

Sludge digested

Primary & Chemically 0,19 – 0,23 100 - 160

Precipated digested
Drying bed
Drying bed
Alkaline stabilization

‧Lime is usually used to raise pH to 12

or higher, so that microbial activities
are retarded or inactivated.
‧Major advantage lies in the soil-like
product with substantially reduced
pathogens. However, solid contents
are increased.
Anaerobic stabilization

‧The oldest and the most commonly used one owing

to energy efficiency and beneficial use of digested
biosolids.
‧Three reactions: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and
methanogenesis.
‧Important factors include: HRT, temp, alkalinity, pH,
toxic compounds, and bioavailability of nutrients.
Anaerobic Fermentation &
Oxidation

 Utilized mostly in treating sludge and the

pretreatment of high-strength organic wastes.
 Becoming more common for dilute waste
streams.
 Advantages of lower biomass yield and energy
(CH4) recovery.
 Thermophilic fermentation processes under
development.
 Process
 Hydrolysis: Particulate materials are
converted to soluble compounds and
simpler monomers.
 Fermentation (acidogenesis): Fatty acids,
amino acids, and etc are degraded further to
acetate, CO2, H2, propionate and butyrate.
 Methanogenesis: Acetate is converted to
CH4 and CO2; and H2 and CO2 are
converted to CH4.
C and H flow in anaerobic process
 Anaerobic Digestion - continued

Methane Production
16 g CH 4 g CH 4
 0.25
64 g COD g COD
3
10 g 1 mol 22.4 L 10-3 m3
1 kg COD  VCH 4  0.25 kg CH 4    
kg 16 g 1 mol L
 0.35 m3
3 -3 3
m CH 10 kg
VCH 4 (m 3 /day)  0.35 4
[Q 0 (S0  S1 )  1.42  Px ] 
kg COD g
m3CH 4 10-3 kg
 0.35 [Q 0 (S0  S1 )(1 - 1.42)Yobs ] 
kg COD g
YQ 0 (S0  S1 )
Px (g/day)   YobsQ 0 (S0  S1 )
1  k dθ c
Anaerobic digesters
Waffle Bottom Anaerobic
Digester

Plan view Section view

25
 Egg Shape
Digester

Deer Island Sewage Treatment Plant

Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) 26
(140 ft tall and 3 million gallons of sludge)
Egg-shaped digester
Egg Shape Anaerobic
Digester

28
Egg Shape Anaerobic
Digesters

29
Egg Shape Anaerobic
Digesters

30
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