Gait Abnormalities

Albertus Johan Edy

Paramestri Sekar
Wikan Tamara Tyasning

Mentor :
dr. Kamal Adib, Sp.OT, M.Kes
Introduction

• Normal gait: stability in stance;

clearance in swing; adequate step
length; energy conservation; support
of bodyweight

• Walk  Jog  Skip  Run  Sprint

• Designed to propel a person forward,

but can also adapted for lateral
movement.

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Introduction

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Temporal Parameters

Stride time = duration of one gait cycle/phase

Cadence(steps/minute) = number of steps in a given time.

Speed (m/s) = stride length (m) x cadence (steps/min) / 120

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Gait Cycle/Phase

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Gait in Children
1. The walking base is wider

2. The stride length and speed are lower and the cycle time
shorter (higher cadence)

3. Small children have no heel strike, initial

contact being made by the flat foot

4. There is a little knee flexion during the stance phase

5. The whole leg is externally rotated during the swing phase

6. There is an absence of reciprocal arm swinging

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Gait in Elderly
Two influences:

1. The effects of age itself

2. The effects of pathological conditions, such as OA and

parkinsonism :
• Decreased stride length
• Increase the walking base
• Increase the duration of stance phase
• Speed is reduced

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Abnormal Gait

FORCED COMPENSATION

• WEAKNESS • CORRECT
• SPASTICITY OTHER
• DEFORMITY PROBLEM

ABNORMAL GAIT

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Abnormal Gait
NEUROMUSCULAR

MUSCULOSKELETAL

ABNORMAL
GAIT PAINFUL DUE TO
ARTHRITIS

WEAKNESS

DROP FOOT

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Lateral Trunk Bending

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Trunk Bending

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Functional Leg Length Discrepancy

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Extensive Knee Flexion

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Crouch Gait

• Knee flexion > 30 deg, ankle

dorsiflexion > 2SD

Reduced hip extension :

• Increased oxygen consumption
and effort
• Increased joint loads: pain and
stress fractures

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Hemiplegic Gait

• - Unilateral weakness

• - Leg extended with plantar

flexion

• - Cirdunduction due to the

weakness of the distal muscles,
equinus foot and extension
hiperthony of the lower limb.

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Diplegic Gait

- Spasticity of both limbs.

Affecting more lower than upper
limb.

- Stiffness of adductor muscles,

“scisor” gait.

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Neuropathy Gait

- Equinus foot (weakness of

dorsiflexors).

- Unilateral – paralysis of the

fibularis nerve – radiculopathy
of L5.

- Bilateral – Amyotrophic Lateral

Sclesoris, Charcot-Marie-Tooth

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Myopathic Gait
- Trendelenburg – weakness of the abductors of the hip
- Muscular dystrophy.

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Ataxic Gait

- Abnormal, uncoordinate
movements.

- Unsteady, staggering gait

because walking is
uncoordinated and appears to
be ‘not ordered’.

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Parkinsonian Gait

- 3 classical signais: resting

tremor, rigidity, and
bradykinesia.

- Head and neck forward, and

knee flexed.

- Slow gait with short steps.

- Difficulty in starting the

movement.
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THANK YOU

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