Hatchery Design and

Construction
Jurolan, Hannah Crystal T.
Mangga, Florence Twinkle G.
Important considerations in designing
and constructing hatcheries
 Biological
 Economical
 Target of production
 Minimization of operating costs- e.g
labor
 Minimization of stress
 Disease prevention
Design and Construction

 Site selection
 Planning of layout
 Listing of various requirements
 Specifications
 Construction of hatchery-correct
placement
Carp Hatcheries and Fish Hatchery

 Carp hatchery is a place for artificial

breeding, hatching and rearing of
larvae and juvenile of carp fishes.
 Fish hatchery is a place for artificial
breeding, hatching and rearing
through the early life stages like
finfish shellfish and shellfish in
particular.
Developments in Carp Hatcheries

 Hatching pits
 Hatching Happa
 Floating Hapa
 Glass jar hatchery
 LDPE-model
 Transparent polythene jar hatchery
 Chinese Circular Hatchery
 Potable circular hatchery
 Hatchery pits

• Most primitive DISADVANTAGES

type of hatching • Not suitable for
device large scale spawn
• Dug in the ground production
(3’ x 2’ x 1’) • Leads to mass
• Inner wall mortality of the
plastered with spawn
mud
In each pit, 3 layers of cloth tanks or hapas of different
dimensions are tied. The outer-most cloth tank is about 6
feet x 3 feet x 1½ feet in size and is made up of cheap
cloth. For support 2 bamboo poles are fixed to which these
cloth tanks are tied.
Earthen Pot Hatchery
 Used in association with bundh type of breeding
 Earthen pots arranged at different levels
 Flowing current of water, cooled by surface evaporation of
the porous earthen pots in which the carps eggs hatched.
 Here the principle of hatchery system is followed, where
an overhead tank in the form of an earthen clay pot (Fig.
6.25) is installed on a brick stand about 2 feet in height.
There are two different sized container. Container number
I acts as incubator chamber; while container number II
acts as a spawnary.
Hatching Hapa

 Itis a traditional net enclosure with

the inner net being smaller than the
outer one (Fig. 6.23). The outer net
consists of a fine mesh (0.5 mm) seive-
cloth tank about 2 x 1 x 1 m in
dimension, while the inner chamber,
made of the same material, has a
mesh size of 2.0 – 2.5 mm. The whole
The hatched larvae fall or pass through the larger meshes of the
inner hapa and are retained by the outer hapa as the small
meshes of the outer hapa prevent them from escaping. After
hatching of the eggs get completed, the inner hapa is removed
together with the dead eggs, egg shells and other debris to
prevent deterioration of the water quality within the hapa.
 Advantage Disadvantage
• Used for very • Water quality
small scale spawn cannot be
production controlled
• Cheap • The predatory
• Requires less fishes from outside
technical can damage the
knowledge hatchling through
• Separates egg the hapa layers
shell from the
Floating Hapa
Glass Jar Hatchery

 Comprises of 4 parts:
1. Water supply system
2. Breeding tank
3. Incubation or hatching jars
4. Spawnery
 Location: Glass jar hatchery is generally installed by the side of a water
source which may be a perennial pond or a river or a water supply from a
tube-well. It should be kept in a well-ventilated room with adequate light and
proper drainage system.
Construction

1. overhead Tank
Available water from the source is pumped up into an
overhead tank (Fig. 6.26), which is installed above a
brick wall. If water is drawn from a river, then a
desilting tank should be provided. A fine meshed wire-
netting is provided in the pump system. This helps to
prevent the entry of organisms commonly present in
the water of river and pond. A deep tube-well is of
much facility as it provides clean water. The tube-
well should be installed in an arsenic-free area.
2. Breeding Tank

 As hatchery is a self-contained unit, it generally

contains a breeding tank with arrangement for
overhead showers. This tank is provided for
spawning the fish. An outlet is present in each tank,
for draining the excess water. A breeding tank is
made of 1.8 m x 0.9 m x 0.9 m in dimensions.
Generally, in a farm there are 2-3 breeding tanks
where 2-4 breeding hapas can be fixed at a time.
However, the number of breeding tanks in a
hatchery depends on the spawn production target.
In a hatchery where there is no provision of
breeding tanks, the operation is
undertaken in hapas fixed in ponds and the
fertilised eggs are released into the glass
jar for incubation and hatching.
Sometimes, the spawnery itself can be
used as a breeding tank.
3. Incubation and hatching jars

 There are different types of incubation and hatching

jars used, ranging from the glass jars, synthetic jars to
Zong jars, with temperature controlled water supplies.

4. Glass Jars
Glass jars are conical in shape. They are open at the top
and gradually tapering towards the bottom. The various
measurements of the jar are given in Fig. 6.27.
 The glass jars are set up vertically through the circular holes made in a wooden table (Fig.
6.28). The table is of 4.05 m x 0.6 m with a height of 0.9 metre. The detailed plan for the
sequential placement of jars on the table is given in Fig. 6.28. The jars are fitted in two rows at
a gap of 22.9 cm. They are kept in a vertical position with the help of clamps (Fig. 6.26).
4. Zug Jars

 The Zug jars, name after Zug (Switzerland) where

they were first used, are large (60-70 cm in height
and 15-20 cm in diameter), inverted bottles, with
open tops and narrow bottoms.
 In a hatchery they are installed vertically in a
series, with the narrow neck directed downwards
attached to the water lines with suitable taps (Fig.
6.29). Water is supplied from below and the outlet
is at the top. The Zug jars have a capacity of 6-8
litres and can carry about 1-5 litres of eggs.
Transparent Polythene Hatchery

 Same as glass jar hatchery, but polythene

is used for hatching jar
 Jar is 27 cm in height and 10 cm in
diameter
 Can hold 21 galloons of water
 Provision of egg container
 Flow of water is 11/min
LDPE Model

 Higher version of vertical jar hatchery

 Major component:
1. Breeding cum spawnery
2. Hatching unit
3. Air compressor with distribution
system
Breeding Unit
1. Overhead tank- 500 L
2. Cooling tower
3. ½ or 1 HP water pump
4. Two large portable plastics pools of
0.9 to 2.5 m in diameter, .6 to 1.2 m
height or 2000 to 3000 liter capacity .
It can be either rectangular or circular
in shape with water sprayer
 Hatching unit
1. It consists of 6/12/24/8 conical bottom hatchery jars
2. Water inlet is from the bottom
3. There is a provision of egg container and aeration
4. The outlet is at the top portion of jar
5. It is a fiber glass or copper container of 6 m in
diameter and 1 m height
6. Incubation in this hatchery is 13 to 14 hours
7. A definite speed of water is maintained
  Spawnery
 FRP/metallic container with 6 ft in diameter and 1 m in heaight. Hapa is fixed to the frame.

Advantage Disadvantage
• Distribution of exygen is • Cant lead to large scale
effective production
• Water quality can be
maintained
• Additional aeration is
possible
• Easy to repair without
dismantling
• Not very expensive to
Chinese Circular Hatchery

 Popular type of hatchery

 It comprises of different components :
1. overhead tank
2. spawning pool
3. incubation tanks
4. spawn collection tank
Overhead tank :
Made of R.C.C with a capacity of 10000 to 15 000 Liter. It must be kept at a
height
 Spawning pool
1. The diameter is 5 to 8 meters
2. Bottom is slope towards the center where the outlet
is located
3. This outlet leads to egg collection chamber if any or
goes to the incubation tank directly
4. Inlet pipes are fitted on the wall of the tank at an
angle of 60 degrees and the pipe diameter is 2 to 3
inch.
5. There is provision of water showers
6. At a time 150 to 200 kg male and female can be
introduced
 Incubation pools
1. It comprises of two tanks with outer tank (3 to 6 m diameter) and inner tank (0.8 to 1.5 m
diameter)
2. Water holding capacity is 9 to 12 cubic meter
3. Circular wall separates the outer wall to inner wall and is fitted with fine mesh
4. Center of inner pipe has outlet pipe
5. These are duck ,outhed and fitted at an angle of 45 degrees
 Speed
1. 0.4 to 0.5 m/sec
2. Increased to 0.3 to 0.4 and continued
3. From the incubation pool there is a pipe leadig to spawn collection tank
 Spawn collection tank
1. It is a rectangular tank
Portable Circulatory Hatchery

 It is devised for small farmer

 Low cost hatchery
 It is made of galvanized iron with 80 cm diameter and 60 cm height
 Water holding capacity-300 L
 The hatchaery unit comprises of 2 chambers
 Outer is larger and there is a provision of 8 inlet jets in the bottom made of
copper of 0.8 cm diameter at 60 degrees