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    Visual Pathway DR FK

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    amaliaramadhani
    This document discusses the visual pathway and binocular vision. It begins with an overview of how vision works, from light entering the eye and being focused on the retina, to visual impulses being transmitted along the optic nerve and processed in the visual cortex. It then describes binocular vision, noting advantages like increased field of view and depth perception. Key aspects covered include fusion, stereopsis, and the development of binocular vision from infancy. Strabismus is defined as misalignment of the eyes, and types are classified based on onset, direction of deviation, and fusional status. Treatment aims to achieve single binocular vision and may involve correction, amblyopia treatment, or strabismus surgery.

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    Visual Pathway DR FK

    Uploaded by

    amaliaramadhani
    69 views36 pages
    This document discusses the visual pathway and binocular vision. It begins with an overview of how vision works, from light entering the eye and being focused on the retina, to visual impulses being transmitted along the optic nerve and processed in the visual cortex. It then describes binocular vision, noting advantages like increased field of view and depth perception. Key aspects covered include fusion, stereopsis, and the development of binocular vision from infancy. Strabismus is defined as misalignment of the eyes, and types are classified based on onset, direction of deviation, and fusional status. Treatment aims to achieve single binocular vision and may involve correction, amblyopia treatment, or strabismus surgery.

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    This document discusses the visual pathway and binocular vision. It begins with an overview of how vision works, from light entering the eye and being focused on the retina, to visual impulses being transmitted along the optic nerve and processed in the visual cortex. It then describes binocular vision, noting advantages like increased field of view and depth perception. Key aspects covered include fusion, stereopsis, and the development of binocular vision from infancy. Strabismus is defined as misalignment of the eyes, and types are classified based on onset, direction of deviation, and fusional status. Treatment aims to achieve single binocular vision and may involve correction, amblyopia treatment, or strabismus surgery.

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    69 views36 pages

    Visual Pathway DR FK

    Uploaded by

    amaliaramadhani
    This document discusses the visual pathway and binocular vision. It begins with an overview of how vision works, from light entering the eye and being focused on the retina, to visual impulses being transmitted along the optic nerve and processed in the visual cortex. It then describes binocular vision, noting advantages like increased field of view and depth perception. Key aspects covered include fusion, stereopsis, and the development of binocular vision from infancy. Strabismus is defined as misalignment of the eyes, and types are classified based on onset, direction of deviation, and fusional status. Treatment aims to achieve single binocular vision and may involve correction, amblyopia treatment, or strabismus surgery.

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    of 36

    VISUAL PATHWAY &

    BINOCULAR VISION

    Dr FETI KARFIATI, dr, SpM(K), MKes


    Department of Ophthalmology
    Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran
    Cicendo, Indonesia National Eye Center
    What is the basic function of the
    eye?

    To catch and focus the light onto


    retina

    How can we see?


    Light stimuli

    Refractive media

    SCHEMATIC Retina
    OF VISUAL
    PATHWAY Physical and
    Chemical action

    Impulses

    Central nervous
    system
    ANATOMY

    Tortora, 12th ed, 2009


    Part of The
    Retina
    SCHEMATIC
    OF VISUAL
    PATHWAY
    The Occipital Lobe  process visual stimuli
    Area 17  the primary visual area
    Areas 18 and 19  the secondary visual (association)
    areas  visual processing occurs
    BINOCULAR VISION
    Two eyes are Better than one eye

     75%-80% of the neurons in visual cortex have inputs


    from both eyes

     The binocular field of view is larger than either monocular


    field (each eye: 60 o sup; 60 o nasal; 75 o inf; 100 o
    temp) and ( binocular: horisontal increased to 200)

     The degree of dysfunction from bilateral eye disease can


    be predicted from the performance of the less impaired
    eye

     Provides a resource to retain functional vn

     improves functional vision by binocular summation and


    stereopsis
    VISUAL FIELD & VISUAL
    PATHWAY

    Tortora, 12th ed, 2009


    VISUAL FIELD
    &
    VISUAL
    PATHWAY

    Tortora, 12th ed, 2009


    VISUAL
    FIELD
    DEFECT
    VISUAL
    FIELD
    DEFECT
    Binocular Single Vision

    RE LE
    Retinal Retinal
    Images images

    Sensory & Motor processes

    Fuse
    Visual cortex

    perception

    Single &
    stereoscopic
    Fusion

    Ability to fuse the image into single


    perception

    Sensory Fusion Motor Fusion

    • Unification of visual • The ability to align


    excitation from the eyes  sensory
    corresponding fusion can be
    retinal images  maintained
    single visual
    perception  single
    visual image
    Fusion

    Fusion Determinant
    • Clear image
    • Same/similar visual acuity
    • Same/similar size & shape of the
    object
    • Good alignment
    Simultaneous Perception

    Left eye Right eye

    The Ophthalmic Assistant, 8th ed, 2006


    Fusion

    Left eye Right eye

    The Ophthalmic Assistant, 8th ed, 2006


    Kansky, 6th ed, 2007
    Development of Binocular Vision

    Maturation
    of vision

    Stereoscopi
    c

    7 years
    Fusion & 6 months
    binocular

    1.5 – 2
    months
    Advantages of Binocular Single
    Vision

    • Stereoscopic
    • Better shape & color perception
    • Maintain alignment
    • Wider visual field
    Otot ekstra okular
     Terdapat 6 otot penggerak
    bola mata  kontrol
    pergerakan dan
    keseimbangan mata.
     N.III:
    M. rektus medial
    M. rektus superior
    M. rektus inferior
    M. oblique inferior
     N. IV:
    M. oblique superior
    Gerakan bola mata

     Duksi : gerakan pada satu mata


     Versi : gerakan bersama kedua mata
    (gerakan bersama dari Yoke’s
    muscle)
     Vergence : convergence , divergence

     Pursuit (lambat/halus)
     Saccadic ( cepat )
    Strabismus

     Berasal dari bhs latin: strabismos 


    juling, melihat miring
     Suatu kondisi, dimana seseorang
    tidak dapat mempertahankan
    kesejajaran kedua mata.

     Posisi mata normal ( muscle


    balance) : orthotropia
    Klasifikasi

     Onset usia:
    - Kongenital:
    Deviasi terjadi sejak lahir/bayi < 6
    bulan

    - Didapat:
    Deviasi yang terjadi setelah
    periode perkembangan
    penglihatan normal.
     Jenis deviasi:

    - Horizontal: Esodeviasi – kedalam

    Eksodeviasi- keluar

    - Vertikal: Hyperdeviasi – keatas


    Hypodeviasi - kebawah

    - Torsional : Insiklodeviasi – Eksiklodeviasi


     Esotropia  Eksotropia
     Status fusi:
    - Phoria:
    Deviasi laten yang masih
    dikontrol oleh mekanisme fusi

    - Tropia:
    Deviasi manifes, yang tidak
    dapat dikontrol oleh
    mekanisme fusi.
    Jenis juling apa ?
    Variasi deviasi

    :

    - Komitan:
    Deviasi yang terjadi sama pada semua
    arah gerak mata/fiksasi mata. Tidak ada
    hambatan gerakan otot bola mata

    - Inkomitan (nonkomitan):
    Deviasi bervariasi pada salah satu arah
    gerak mata. Ada hambatan gerakan
    otot bola mata
    Penanganan penderita

     Tujuan penanganan penderita


    strabismus  tercapai
    penglihatan binokular tunggal

     Perbaikan kosmetik hanya ikutan


    dari tujuan diatas
    Penanganan penderita

     Non surgical
    - Koreksi kelainan refraksi 
    kacamata
    - Penanganan ambliopia

     Surgical.
    Penderita pre & post operasi strabismus

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