SKPP 3413- DRILLING ENGINEERING

SECTION 02

ASSIGNMENT 2
GROUP 1

GROUP MEMBER : 1) ANUSHA A/P NAGAIH

2) MELINDA MALLINI A/P LOUDERSAMY
3) SANGEETHA A/P BALARAM
4) VINOHTHINII A/P R TAMILSELVAN
5) YOUSSIF SAMI
LECTURER NAME : ASSOC. PROF. DR. OSMAN FARAG MOHAMED
QUESTION 4
AN INCREASE IN MUD PIT LELVEL INDICATES THE POSSIBILITIES OF KICK WHILST DRILLING VERTICAL WELL. THE
WELL IS THEN SUT IN AND THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION WERE RECORDED.

SURFACE READINGS:
Shut in drill pressure (SIDPP)=250 psi
Shut in casing pressure (SCIP)=450psi
Pit gain +35 bbls
Mud weight=12ppg

HOLE/ DRILL STRING DATA:

Bit size=10.5in
Total depth =11,000ft
Previous casing shoe=4500ft, 13.735in. (12.425in.ID), 68Ib/ft
Drill collar=800ft, 8in. (3.5in.ID)
Fracture gradient @4500 ft=0.75psi/ft

BY USING ANY METHOD TO CIRCULATE THE INFLUX OUT THE HOLE, DETERMINE:
a)THE BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE
b)HEIGHT OF THE KICK FLUID AT BOTTOMHOLE
c)WEIGHT OF THE KICK FLUID
d)TYPE OF THE INFLUX FLUID
a.)THE BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURE

Pf =Phyd +SIDPP
=0.052(12)(11000)+250
=7114 psi

b.)HEIGHT OF THE KICK FLUID AT BOTTOMHOLE

Ad/c open hole = Ahole – Ad/c
=

=0.25225 ft2

Vkick fluid = Ad/c open hole x Hkick fluid

=779.088 ft.

c) WEIGHT OF THE KICK FLUID

Fluid influx gradient=

=0.3673 psi/ft

d)TYPE OF THE INFLUX FLUID

Type of influx is oil.
QUESTION 5
An increase in mud pit level indicates the possibility of kick whilst drilling as vertical well. The well is the shut in and then
following information was recorded.

Surface casing
Shut in drill pipe pressure (SIDPP) = 200 psi
Shut in casing pressure (SICP) = 400 psi
Pit gain = 20 bbls
Mud weight = 10 ppg
Home/ Drill string data
Bit size = 10 ½ in.
Total depth = 10, 500 ft.
Previous casing shoe = 4,500 ft.,13 3/8 in. (12.425 in.ID), 68 Ib/ft.
Drill collar = 500 ft, 8 in. ( 3.5 in. ID)
Drill pipe = 4 ½ in., 16.60 Ib/ft.
Capacities :
Drill pipe = 0.01422 bbls/ft
Drill collar = 0.01190 bbls/ft
Drill collar/hole annulus = 0.04493 bbls/ft
Drill pipe/hole annulus = 0.08743 bbls/ft
Drill pipe/casing annulus = 0.13006 bbls/ft
Fracture Gradient @ 4,500 ft = 0.70 psi/ft

By using a suitable method to circulate the influx out of the hole, determine:
a) The bottom hole pressure
b) Height of kick fluid
c) Hydrostatic pressure across the kick fluid
d) Weight of the kick fluid
e) Type of the influx fluid
SOLUTION :
Solution:
a)The bottom hole pressure , 𝑃𝐵

𝑃𝐵 = 𝑆𝐼𝐷𝑃𝑃 + ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒

= 200 + (0.052)(𝑝𝑚 )(h)

= 200 + (0.052)(10)(10500)
= 5660 psig

b)Height of kick fluid,ℎ𝐵

𝑉
ℎ𝐵 = 𝐵
𝑉𝑥

20
ℎ𝐵 =
0.04493

= 445 ft

c) Hydrostatic pressure across the kick fluid

Hydrostatic pressure in annulus,

𝑃𝑓 = 𝑃𝐵 = 𝑆𝐼𝐶𝑃 + ∆ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 + ∆𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑐𝑘

∆𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑐𝑘 = 5660 − 400 − (0.052)(10)(10500 − 445)

= 31.4psi
d) Weight of kick fluid, 𝑊𝑘𝑖𝑐𝑘

𝑊𝑘𝑖𝑐𝑘 = ∆𝑃𝑘𝑖𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝐴
∏
= 31.4 *( 4 (𝑏𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒² − 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑂𝐷²)
∏
= 31.4 *( 4 (10.5² − 8²)
= 1141 Ib

e) Type of influx fluid,

(𝑆𝐼𝐶𝑃−𝑆𝐼𝐷𝑃𝑃)
Fluid influx gradient, 𝐺𝑖 = 𝐺𝑚 − ℎ𝑖
(400−200)
= 10 (0.052) − 445
` = 0.071 psi/ft
Thus, type of fluid is a gas, which will be expanded when reach at surface.
 Question 32
A. Describe the duties / responsibilities of the following
drilling crews:
i. Tool pusher – Tool pushers are in charge of keeping the rig in all necessary tools, equipment, and supplies. They
work closely in conjunction with the representative of the operating/exploration company, in regard to the actual
drilling of the well. Toolpushers are also responsible for coordinating services with third party companies related
to the drilling of the well.

ii. Mud engineer – The main duty of a mud engineer is to create the various combinations of mud that will be
used during the different stages of the drilling process. They also might have additional responsibilities, including
recommending drill bits and assisting excavating technicians in the overall safety of the drilling process.

iii. Driller – Roughnecks work on offshore oil rigs and perform activities such as setting up and maintaining oil
rigs, preparing the area for drilling operations, assembling pipes, driving trucks, loading and unloading various
items, and cleaning the area when drilling operations are complete. Our collection of resume samples for
Roughneck showcases skills such as physical strength, dexterity, good practical skills, attention to safety,
teamwork, and being able to follow instructions.

iv. Roughneck –Roughnecks work on offshore oil rigs and perform activities such as setting up and maintaining oil
rigs, preparing the area for drilling operations, assembling pipes, driving trucks, loading and unloading various
items, and cleaning the area when drilling operations are complete. Our collection of resume samples for
Roughneck showcases skills such as physical strength, dexterity, good practical skills, attention to safety,
teamwork, and being able to follow instructions.
B. List 4 types of floating drilling rig used in offshore:

(i) Platform (ii) Barge

(iii) Drillship (iv) Jackup

C. Name 6 drilling crew position of 'drilling
contractor':
(i) Rig manager or better known as the "Tool pusher"
(ii) Driller
(iii) Derrickhand
(iv) Motorhand
(v) Floorhand
(vi) Leasehand "roughneck"
Question
30
A&B
c. Briefly explain the flow process of the system

The circulating system consists of a starting point, the mud pit

where the drilling fluids ingredients are stored. Mixing takes
places at the mud mixing hopper, from which the fluid is forced
through pumps up to the swivel (via standpipe and rotary hose)
and down all the way through the drill pipe, emerging through the
drill bit itself. From there, the drilling fluid circulates through the
bit, picking up debris and drill cuttings, to be circulated back up
the well, travelling between the drill string and the walls of the
well (also called the annular space). Once reaching the surface, the
drilling fluid is filtered to recover the reusable fluid.
QUESTION 10
A) Using a suitable diagram, explain the generation of abnormal fluid pressure due
to osmotic phenomena.

Osmosis is the spontaneous flow of water

into a solution or the flow from a more
dilute to more concentrated solution, when
the two are separated from each other by a
suitable membrane. Osmosis, or fluid flow
driven by a chemical potential gradient, is
considered a plausible cause of abnormal
fluid pressures in sediment under
appropriate conditions Shale can act as
semi-permeable membrane.
B.

Depth, Δh Drilling R =Δh/t Bit WOB N 𝜌𝑒 d= 𝑑𝑐 =

𝑅
h (ft) (ft) time, t (ft/hr) size (lb) (rpm) (ppg) log ( )
60𝑁
d(𝜌𝑛 𝜌𝑒 )
(hr) (in) 12𝑤
log ( 6 )
10 𝐷

6300 6.75 17,000 160 9.0

6700 400 16.28 24.5700 6.75 17,000 160 9.0 1.7055 1.8003
7100 400 24.41 16.3867 6.125 12,000 180 9.0 1.7307 1.8269
7500 400 29.02 13.7836 6.125 12,000 180 9.0 1.7769 1.8756
7900 400 16.30 24.5399 6.125 27,000 80 9.0 1.7950 1.8947
8300 400 18.94 21.1193 6.125 27,000 80 9.5 1.8460 1.8460
8700 400 21.84 18.3150 6.125 27,000 70 10.0 1.8491 1.7566
9100 400 25.27 15.8290 6.125 27,000 70 10.6 1.8987 1.7017
**assuming the normal formation pressure of 9.5ppg
 a) Make a plot of d-exponent vs. depth using Cartesian Coordinates.
Figure 1

d-exponent
1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.95
6000

6500

7000

7500
Depth (ft)

8000

8500

9000

9500

10000
a) Make a plot of modified d-exponent vs. depth using Cartesian
Coordinates.
Figure 2

dc-exponent
1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1.9 1.95
6000

6500

7000
Depth (ft)

7500
7900 ft Abnormal
8000
pressure

8500

9000

9500
c) Compare the two plots and explain the results.
The modified d-exponent method in relation with depth is used to determine
the beginning or the top of the abnormal pressure bed, or the transition from
the bed of normal pressure to that of abnormal pressure. The use of this method
is clearer in application than the normal d-exponent method, due to the effect of
weight increment of the used drilling mud during the drilling of the abnormal
pressure zone. Figure 1&2 shows plot of modified d-exponent values against
depth. In these figures, the deviations of d values from the normal trend line are
to the left. These deviations from the normal trend line indicate the presence of
zones with abnormal pressures. The consideration of mud weight effect used in
drilling operation is necessary to increase the efficiency of this method in
compaction with normal d-exponent method.
b) Determine the depth of upper zone of abnormal pressure (if any).
7900 ft.