CHAPTER 03

(VECTOR CACULUS)
ELEMENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETICS
( ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY )
PREPARED BY
MUHAMMAD YAMIN SHAHZAD
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ( ELECTRICAL )
 3.1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 01 :
• VECTOR ADDITION
• VECTOR SUBTRACTION
• VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
IN CARTESIAN COORDINATES
CHAPTER 02 :
• EXTENDED THE SAME IN OTHER COORDINATE
SYSTEMS
 CHAPTER # 03
VECTOR CALCULUS:
• INTEGRATION:
• DIFFERENTIATION:
OF VECTORS
 3.2 DIFFERENTIAL
LENGTH,AREA AND VOLUME

A. CARTESIAN COORDINATES
3.2 DIFFERENTIAL LENGTH
3.2 DIFFERENTIAL LENGTH
3.2 DIFFERENTIAL AREA
3.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLUME
 B. CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES
IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE ,DIFFERENTIAL
ELEMENTS CAN BE FOUND AS FOLLOWS
3 . DIFFERENTIAL VOLUME
B. CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES
C. SPHERICAL COORDINATE
FIGURE 3.5: DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS IN THE
SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
 SPHERICAL COORDINATES
• Differential Surface

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 SPHERICAL COORDINATES
• Differential Surface

dS r  r sin dda r
2

dS  r sin drda

dS  rdrda

19
 SPHERICAL COORDINATES
• Differential Volume dV  r 2 sin drdd

20
C. SPHERICAL COORDINATE
C. SPHERICAL COORDINATE
C. SPHERICAL COORDINATE
EXAMPLE 3.1
SOLUTION: EXAMPLE 3.1
FIGURE 3.7 FOR EXAMPLE 3.1
SOLUTION: EXAMPLE 3.1
SOLUTION: EXAMPLE 3.1
PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.1
SOL PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.1
SOL PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.1
 3.3 LINE, SURFACE AND VOLUME
INTEGRALS

LINE, CURVE AND CONTOUR

The line integral A • d is the integral of the tangential

component of A along curve L.

A=VECTOR FIELD
3.3 LINE INTEGRAL
3.3 SURFACE INTEGRALS
3.3 SURFACE INTEGRALS
3.3 SURFACE INTEGRALS
EXAMPLE 3.2
EXAMPLE 3.2
EXAMPLE 3.2
EXAMPLE 3.2
SOLUTION -PRCTICE EXERCISE 3.2
SUMMARY CHAPTER # 03
SUMMARY CHAPTER # 03
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWER REVIEW QUESTION 3.1
ANSWER REVIEW QUESTION 3.2
ANSWER REVIEW QUESTION 3.3
PROBLEMS OF CHAPTER 03
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 3.1
SOLUTION PROB. 3.2 Cont’s
3.4 DEL OPERATOR
3.4 DEL OPERATOR
3.4 DEL OPERATOR
3.4 DEL OPERATOR
3.4 DEL OPERATOR
3.5 GRADIENT OF A SCALAR
EXAMPLE 3.3

SOLUTION
PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.3
SOLUTION PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.3
PROBLEM # 3.4
SOLUTION PROB. 3.4
 PROBLEM # 3.5

SOLUTION
PROBLEM # 3.6
SOLUTION PROB. 3.6
3.6 DIVERGENCE OF A VECTOR AND
DIVERGENCE THEOREM

the net outflow of the flux of a

vector field A from a closed surface
ILLUSTRATION OF THE DIVERGENCE OF A
VECTOR FIELD
EXAMPLE 3.6
SOLUTION EXAMPLE 3.6
PRACTICE EXECISE 3.6
SOLUTION PRACTICE EXECISE 3.6
SOLUTION PRACTICE EXECISE 3.6
EXAMPLE 3.7
FIGURE 3.17 FOR EXAMPLE EXAMPLE 3.7
SOLUTION EXAMPLE 3.7
ALTERNATE METHOD
( DIVERGENCE THEOREM)
PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.7

SOLUTION
SOLUTION P.E. 3.7
 3.7 CURL OF A VECTOR AND STOKES’S THEOREM
THE CURL OF A IS AN AXIAL ( OR ROTATIONAL ) VECTOR WHOSE MAGNITUDE
IS THE MAX. CIRCULATION OF A PER UNIT AREA AS THE AREA TENDS TO ZERO AND
WHOSE DIRECTION IS THE NORMAL DIRECTION OF THE AREA WHEN THE AREA IS
ORIENTED SO AS TO MAKE THE CIRCULATION MAXIMUM
3.7 CURL OF A VECTOR AND STOKES’S
THEOREM
3.7 CURL OF A VECTOR AND STOKES’S THEOREM
3.7 CURL OF A VECTOR AND STOKES’S THEOREM
PROPERTIES OF THE CURL
3.7 CURL OF A VECTOR AND STOKES’S
THEOREM
STOKE’S THEOREM
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE
GRADIENT OF SCALAR FIELD V
EXAMPLE 3.4
PRACTICE EXERCISE 3.7