TASK -1

Presented By,
SAKSHAR S H Submitted To,
18ct14 Mr.SHRIRAM P MARATHE
ASST.PROFESSOR
1
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NMAMIT 2018-19
These are prepared using well graded agregates,
suitable filler material and approriate type, grade and
proportion of bitumen binder under controlled
condition
 These mixes are designed in the laboratory
strictly to fulfil the properties and
requirements that control the stability and
durability under expected traffic
 When such type of mix are prepared and
compacted proprely with mechanical pavers
,the desired stability, strength ,density is
obtained..these not only withstand
compressive stresses but also flexural
stresses
 IRC has suggested use of dense graded
bitumen mixes
 DBM(dense bituminous macadam)to be used
as strong overlay along with suitable dense
graded surface for strengthening existing
pavement (50-100mm)
 SDBC(semi dense bitumen concrete) it’s a
wearing course of thickness 25-40mm laid in
single layer
 BC(bituminous concrete) surface layer of
thickness 25 0r 40 or 50mm in single layer
 Bitumen binder of appropriate type and grade
 Course aggregate and fine aggregate with
gradation
 Suitable filler material for mix design
the gradation of aggregates to be used for
three types of pavement layers and the
minimum specified bitumen content slightly
differ
All other specification and mix design remain
same
 Binder to be used for the construction of all
the three types of dense graded bituminous
mixes(DBM,SDBC and BC) is decided based on
1. The lowest daily mean air temperature
2. The highest daily mean air temperature at
the site
Other then this some modified bitumen
binders are used such as
 PMB : polymer modified bitumen
 NRMB : natural rubber modified bitumen
 CRMB : crumb rubber modified bitumen
 Course aggregate to be used in mixes which
are obtained from hard variety of crushed
stone
 Aggregates of cubical shape free from dust
and other deleterious materials are preferred
for construction and mix
 Course and fine aggregates are mixed so as
to obtain graded mix for DBM,SDBC,BC mixes
IRC has specified two grading req for DBM
1. Grading-1:for compacted layers of thickness
of 75-100mm,using nominal max size of
37.5
2. Grading-2:for compacted layer of thickness
of 50-75mm,using nominal maximum size
of 26.5mm
 Grading-1: specified for compacted thickness
of 40mm with nominal maximum aggregate
size of 13.2mm
 Grading-2: For thickness of 25mm with
nominal maximum aggregate size of 9.5mm
 Grading-1: For compacted surface course
thickness of 50mm with nominal maximum
size of 19mm
 Grading-2: For compacted surfacing
thickness of 25 and 40mm using maximum
nominal size of 13.2mm

Suggested grading for 40mm and 25mm

thick SDBC surfacing are slightly different :the
minimum binder content specified are 4.5%
for 40mm surfacing 5.0% for 25mm surfacing
 The mixes are designed by MARSHALL method by
applying 75 blows on each face of the specimen
The design mix should follow below conditions
1. Marshall stability at 60˚C :not less than 9KN
2. Marshall flow value :2.0 to 4.0mm
3. Marshall quotient(stability/flow):2% to 5%
4. Air voids : 3.0% to 5.0%
5. Voids filled with bitumen(VFB) : 65%-75%

6. Water sensitivity: tensile

strength ratio : not less than 80%
 Design tests are carried out at site laboratory
 The mix must fulfill specified minimum value
of voids in mineral aggregates(VMA)
 The binder content required for the design
mix is selected corresponding to 4% air voids
content in the mix
 All the other properties are checked
corresponding to this binder content whether
they fulfil the specified design requirements
 Holes must be patched ,cracks must be sealed a geo-
synthetic layer or stress absorbing layer may be laid if
required on the surface where the road is to be
constructed
 If profile correction exceeds 40mm,a profile
corrective course Is to be laid separately using
mechanical paver and is compacted; if the correction
required is less than 40mm,the pavement layer is
spread with provision for the additional quantity of
the mix to meet the profile correction requirement
 The laying of dense graded bituminous work is to be
taken up during dry weather, free from dampness on
receiving surface and when the atmospheric temp is
higher than 10˚C
 The receiving surface is cleaned with a
mechanical broom to remove loose materials
and dust and tack coat is applied as specified
 The hot mix is transported to the
construction site in insulated covered vehicles
 Mix is spread using a hydrostatic paver
finisher with sensor at specified paving temp
 Rolling is started..
Rolling is done in 3 stages :
 Initial rolling with a tandem-wheel vibratory
roller of dead weight 8 to10 tonnes, set with
high frequency low amplitude of vibration
 Intermediate rolling using a pneumatic roller,
with tyre pressure more than 5.6 Kg/cm² and
gross weight 12-15 tonnes
 Final rolling with 6-8 tonnes smooth wheel
roller, untill roller marks are not seen on the
surface (speed shall not be more than
5.0kmph)
 The compacted density achieved is checked
by taking 150mm diameter core samples; the
density achieved shall preferably be 92% of
theoretical maximum density of the mix ,so
that the initial voids in the mix is about 7-8%
and due to traffic induced secondary
compaction during the design life, the final
voids in the mix is not lower than 4%
 The finished surface shall not be opened to
traffic until the entire depth of the
bituminous layer cools down to temperature
below 60˚C
 Finished surface is checked using a 3m straight
edge; the max permissible undulations for
finished BC surface shall not exceed 5.0mm in
longitudinal profile and 4mm in transverse
profile the maximum permissible number of
surface unevenness of 3 to 5mm depth under 3m
straight edge in each 300m stretch measured as
above in the case of BC surface for national and
state highways is 15
 The avg unevenness index or roughness index
for the finished BC surface measured along the
wheel path of each lane of the road using a bump
indicator shall not exceed 2000 mm per km
 The sample of course aggregate collected used for
mix are subjected to specified tests in laboratory to
decide the stability
 Grading of course and fine aggregate for dense
graded mix is checked
 VMA of the dense graded aggregate mix is checked
 Sample of bitumen binder is subjected to the
specified tests
 The binder content of the mix is checked at a rate of
one set per 400 tonnes of mix or min 2 tests per day
by conducting bitumen extraction test
 Temp of binder in the boiler, aggregate mix in the
dryer and bituminous mix during laying are checked
at regular intervals
 After mix is spread, avg thickness of the layer is
checked after every 5th truck load
 Density of compacted layer is checked at a rate
of one set per 700m² area
 After rolling 300m stretch, surface finish is
checked using a 3m straight edge to find the
depth of depressions and their number along the
longitudinal and transverse profile
 After construction, the uneveness index or
roughness index is measured using a calibrated
bump indicator, along the wheel path of each
lane; in case of BC surface the avg value of
unevenness index shall not exceed 2000mm/km
legth of highway
THANK YOU