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Z Transform
Z Transform
Laplace
Content and Figures are from Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2e by Oppenheim, Shafer, and Buck, ©1999-2000 Prentice Hall
Inc.
The z-Transform
• Counterpart of the Laplace transform for discrete-time signals
• Generalization of the Fourier Transform
– Fourier Transform does not exist for all signals
• The z-Transform is often time more convenient to use
• Definition:
Xz xn z n
n
xn e
j jn
Xe
n
Im
X e j
Unit Circle
r=1
0
Re
2 0 2
xn re
X re j j n
xn r n e jn
n n
xn r
n
-n
az
xn a un n
Xz a unz
n n
1 n
n n0
az
xn a un n
Xz a unz
n n
1 n
n n0
N2
N1 N2 1
n N1
n
1
az az
1 0 1
az 1 az
1 n
1
n0
|z|>2
• For the term with infinite exponential to vanish we need
az1 1 a z
az
1
Xz 1 n
n0 1 az1
1
2z z 1 1
1 1 12
Xz 3x oo
2
x Re
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 z 1 z 1 z z 12
3 2 3 2
Copyright (C) 2005 Güner Arslan 351M Digital Signal Processing 8
Finite Length Sequence
an 0 n N 1
xn
0 otherwise
1 N
1 zN aN
az
N 1 N 1
1 az
Xz anzn 1 n
1
N1
n0 n0 1 az z za