Sonia Ali

Roll no 43
BS 8th semester
Dye the sample of
cloth with different
shades
 Dyes

“A natural or synthetic substance

used to add a color to or to change
the color of something.”
 Types of dyes
• There are different types of dyes based on their
chemical structure and their method of application.
• Acidic dye
• Basic dye
• Ingrain dye
• Mordant dye
• Vat dye
• Sulfur dye
• Solvent dye
• Azo dye
 Properties of dyes
• Dyes must be solvent in one solvent or the
other.
• Dyes are organic in nature.
• Dyes are small molecules as compared to
pigments.
• Dyes impart color with the absorption of light.
• Dyes are less stable to light.
• Dyes are used for flexible substrate.
 Applications of dyes
• Dyes are used in paints.
• Dyes are used in printing inks.
• Dyes are used for coloration of plastics.
• Dyes are used for hair coloration.
• Dyes are used in cosmetics.
 Difference between dyes and
pigments
• Dyes must be soluble in one solvent or the
other, dyes are adsorbed within the substrate
but pigment do not absorb with in the
substrate but it form a thin film on the
substrate.
 Chemical reagents preparation
• Stock solution of dye:
dissolve 1g of dye in 100 ml distilled water for
preparation of 1% solution of dye.
• Preparation of mixture of dye solution:
W*P/C= ml of stock dye solution
W= weight of cloth
P= percentage depth
C= concentration of stock solution
• Percentage depth:
it indicates how much quantity of a particular
dye is used.
 Triangle color scheme of dye
• Primary color are:
• Blue
• Yellow
• Red
All the other colors are
formed by the
combination of these
colors in different
proportions
 Percentage depth chart

shade depth salt in g/L Soda ash in g/L

0.1 3--8 5--10
0.5 15-25 10--15
1 25-35 15-18
2 35-45 18-20
3 50-60 22
4 70-75 25
 Procedure
• Prepare 1% stock solutions of primary dyes.
• Weight cloth
• Using percentage depth equation find out the value of stock
solution for particular intensity.
• Then from % depth chart add particular amount of salt and soda
ash into the 100ml measuring flask
• Dilute it with distilled water.
• Pour solution into beaker.
• Warm the solution upto 70 degree centigrade on a water bath.
• Remove it from water bath and put wet cloth into the beaker.
• Stir it for 5min then wash the cloth with hot water.
 Why NaCl and soda ash is used?
• NaCl is used to swell the fabric, water of dye
bath form complex with salt and dye adheres
to the fabric.
• Soda ash is used to balance the ph of the
fabric.
Thank You