Form of Verb and

Derivation
By Siti Fatchatul Hana
Indah Setiani
Vivi Afifah
Nafkhatul Miskiyah
Nur Akhlis Sofi
Nailisy Syafa’ah
 content

1. Definition 4. Verb derived from verb

Verb, derivation, verb derivation

2. Form of verb 5. Verb derived from noun

Verb lexeme, irregular and regular verb

3. Verb derivation 6. Verb derived from adjective

Verb to verb, noun to verb, adjective to verb

Definition of Verb and Derivative

01 Verb
Verb is a word that characteristically is the grammatical center of
predicate and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being

02 Derivation
Derivation is the word formation process in which a derivational a
ffix attaches to the base form of a word to create a new word.

03 Verb Derivation
By adding one or more affixes, such as prefix (prefix) or suffix (suffix)
to a basic word (verb root), a new verb is formed (derived) then the v
erb will have a new meaning but still has relationship with the original
verb.
 Form of Verb
a verb lexeme has at most five distinct forms, as illustrated here with give:

Third person singular present tense: Gives

e.g. Mary gives a lecture every year.
1
Perfect or Passive participle: Given
4 e.g. Mary has given a lecture today.
Past tense: Gave The lecture is always given by Mary.
e.g. Mary gave a lecture last week. 2
Basic form
5 e.g. Mary may give a lecture.
Progressive participle: Giving Mary wants to give a lecture.
e.g. Mary is giving a lecture 3
today.
There are two kinds of forms of verb:

01 Regular Verbs

A Regular verb is used to form the past tense by adding a s

uffix –d or –ed.
Example: hope-hoped, laugh-laughed.

02 Irregular verbs

An Irregular verb does not take the –d or –ed ending. The pa

st tense for irregular verbs for a list of the most commonly us
ed irregular verb forms.
Example: run-ran, catch-caught
 Verb Derivation

01
Verb derived from verb

02
Verb derived from noun
There are three types of
verb derivation
03
Verb derived from adjective

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Verbs derived from verbs
Most prominent are re- and the negative or ‘reversive’ prefixes
un-, de- and dis-, as in the following examples:
re- : repaint; replay
un- : untie; untangle
de- : decompose; desensitize
dis- : disbelieve; disagree

Also worth mentioning here is the relationship between t

he verbs in the left and right columns:

Intransitive Transitive
Lie (past lay) Lay (past laid)
Rise (past rose) Raise (past raised)
Fall (past fell) Fell (past felled)
Sit (past sat) Set (past set)

Example:
a. Jill laid the book on the table.
b. The book lay on the table.
Some affixes for deriving verbs from nouns are:

a.) de-, e.g. debug, deforest, delouse.

Verbs
A meaning for de- at (1) is clearly identifiable, namely ‘r Derived
emove X from’ (compare its function in deriving verbs from v
erbs, e.g. DESENSITISE). from Noun
b.) -ise, e.g. organise, patronise, terrorise.

c.) -(i)fy, e.g. beautify, gentrify, petrify.

However, neither -ise nor -ify has a clear cut meaning ap
art from its verb-forming function (for example, ORGANIZE
does not share any obvious element of meaning with ORGAN)
 Verbs Derived from Noun

There are also some common verbs that are

NOUNS VERB
derived by replacing the final voiceless cons
BATH BATHE
onant of a noun with a voiced one, perhaps
BREATH BREATHE
with some vowel change too (parallel to the
HOUSE […s] HOUSE […z]
relationship between BELIVE and BELIEV
WREATH WREATHE
E, although there it was the verb that seeme
d more basic).
 Verbs Derived from Adjective
derivational morphology suffixes play a larger role than prefixes

Prefix “en-” (with allomorph em–)

Word such as ENFEEBLE, ENLARGE, ENCLOSE, EMPOWER.

–The meaning ‘cause to become X’ or ‘cause to possess or enter X’

prefix en- is combined with a suffix en– to form verb. Such as

: BOLD and LIVE become EMBOLDEN and ENLIVEN
 Verbs Derived from Adjective
derivational morphology suffixes play a larger role than prefixes

The adjectives that can be bases for deriving -en verbs are all mono
syllabic and all end in plosives (the sounds usually spelled p, b, t, d,
(c)k and g in English) or fricatives (including the sounds usually spell
ed s, th, f and v).
The examples are TIGHTEN, LOOSEN, STIFFEN, WEAKEN.

–The meaning ‘become X’, or a transitive one, ‘cause to become X’

Not all adjectives are given a suffix "-en" to form a verb. when
we consider some verbs in that are imaginable, yet do not occur

:*GREENEN, NARROWEN, STRONGEN, TALLEN.

 Verbs Derived from Adjective
derivational morphology suffixes play a larger role than prefixes

Suffix –ise/ize and –ify can derive verbs from adjective bases
as in NATIONALISE, TENDERISE, INTENSIFY, PURIFY.

The roots are attached are bounds: SANITISE, PATRIFY, SATI

SFY, MAGNIFY

Suffix –ate has same sort of –ize and –ify. There are some
bases to which -ate is attached are bound roots, it does not
clearly favor either adjectival or nominal bases.
Words such as GENERATE from GENERAL (adj), ROTATE fr
om ROTOR (n).
Question and Answer
Session
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Form of Verb and Derivation