KEYVIN DELA CRUZ

HAZEL JADE ROSELLO

REPORTERS
DISASTER PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION
SCOPE
1. Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
2. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
a. Laws and Programs Governed by
Philippine Risk Reduction and
Management Council
b. Prevention and Mitigation Measures on
Specific Disasters
3. Roles of Civil Engineers in Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation
•DISASTER
•PREVENTION
•MITIGATION
DISASTER
-a sudden event, such as an accident or
natural catastrophe, that causes great damage
or lost of life
 DISASTER
DISASTER

NATURAL MAN
MADE
NATURAL DISASTERS
TYPHOONS
STORM SURGE
LANDSLIDES
FLASHFLOODS
EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI
VOLCANIC ERRUPTION
WILD FIRE
EL NINO/LA NINA
MAN MADE DISASTER
STAMPEDES
FIRES
TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
OIL SPILLS
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS/ RADIATIONS
PREVENTION
-action of stopping something from
happening or arising

-measures taken to prevent and provide

protection from disasters
MITIGATION
- action of reducing the severity,
seriousness and painfulness of something

-the effort to reduce the loss of life and

property by lessening the impact of disasters
I. PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK
PROFILE
• Ung susunod na slide sa part two na to
kasunod ni hazel
• BARANGAY UGNAYAN PROGRAM
-Conducted in Angat Bulacan by Angat Fire
Station

-aimed to provide awareness on fire safety

among leaders and personnel of each barangay
PROVIDES SAFETY SEMINARS IN:
Sta. Cruz
Sta. Lucia
Laog
Baybay
Paltok
Donacion
 -lectures on the roles of barangay officials
during an actual fire situation

-fire drill on basic firefighting and proper

handling of firefighting equipment
• PHIVOLCS REDAS TRAINING for BULACAN

REDAS-Rapid Earthquake Damage

Assessment System

-a software that can produce hazard and

risk maps before and immediately after an
earthquake
GOAL:
-to provide and familiarize the participants
with the capabilities of REDAS Software

Total Participants in the six day training: 52

(March 14-19, 2016)
-installation and orientation on the basic
features of REDAS
-lectures on hazards and basic map reading
-introduction to PHIVOLCS Building Risk
Database
-Earthquake Risk Assessment
2. PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
MEASURES ON SPECIFIC DISASTERS
NATURAL DISASTERS
BEFORE TYPHOON HITS:
• Build an emergency kit and make a family communication plan.
• Know your surroundings:
-Learn the elevation of your property and whether the land is flood-
prone.
-Identify levees and dams in your area.
-Learn community Typhoon evacuation routes and how to find
higher ground.
• Make plans to secure your property:
-Cover all your home’s windows (ex. storm shutters)
-Install straps or additional clips to securely fasten roofs
-Trim trees and shrubs around your home
-Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts
-Bring in all outdoor furniture, decorations, garbage cans, and
anything else that is not tied down.
-In a strong typhoon, A LOOSE OBJECT IS A MISSILE!
• If in a high-rise building, be prepared to take shelter on or below the 10th
floor.
• EVACUATE IF NECESSARY!!! You should evacuate under the following
conditions:
-If you are directed by local authorities to do so. Be sure to follow
instructions.
-If you live in a weak home or temporary structure.
-If you live in a high-rise building.
-If you live on the coast, on a floodplain, near a river, or on an island
waterway.
STORM SURGE/FLOODING
-Check your house and land for any potential dangers related to
flooding.
-Sandbags are a valuable tool to prevent flood from entering your
home.
-If you live in an area that is subject to flooding, do not store your
important documents in the basement. Keep them at higher level,
protected from flood damage.
If a storm surge has been issued:
-Make sure that you have all the necessary items, medications, radio,
flashlight and batteries.
-You may be asked to evacuate. In case you have to, make sure you
have your emergency kit at the ready and in a portable bag such as a
backpack, duffel bag, or small rolling case.
-Prepare your home prior to leaving: board up doors and windows.
-Fuel your car. If evacuation becomes necessary, it will be hard to
stop for gas.
-If you have any questions or want more information on evacuation
procedures, contact your local Emergency Services.
LANDSLIDE
-Geometric Methods, in which the geometry of hillside is changed

-Hydrogeological methods, in which an attempt is made to lower the

groundwater level or to reduce the water content of the material

-Chemical and Mechanical methods, in which attempts are made to

increase the shear strength of the unstable mass or to introduce active
external forces (eg. Anchors, rock or ground nailing) or passive (e.g.
structural wells, piles, or reinforced ground) to counteract the destabilizing
forces.
EARTHQUAKE
MITIGATION MEASURES AT HOME
-Fasten shelves securely to walls
-Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves
-Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass and china in low,
closed cabinets with latches
-Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds,
couches and anywhere people sit
-Brace overhead light fixtures
-Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections, these are
potential fire risks
-Secure a water heater by strapping it tot the wall studs and bolting it
to the floor
 -Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice
if there are signs of structural defects
-Store weed killers, pesticides and flammable products securely on
bottom shelves in closed cabinets with latches.
• SAFE PLACES INDOORS AND OUTDOORS
-Under sturdy furniture such as heavy disk or table
-Against an inside wall
-Away from glass windows, mirrors, pictures, heavy bookcases, china
buffets, or other furniture which could fall over
-in the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electric lines,
overpasses or elevated expressways
• QUICK FACTS ABOUT TSUNAMI
-tsunamis can be very large in coastal areas, their height can be as
great as 30 feet (100 feet in extreme cases) and they can move inland
several hundred feet
-a tsunami consists of series of waves. Often first wave may not be the
largest. The danger from a tsunami can last for several hours after the
arrival of the first wave.
-tsunamis can move faster than a person can run
-sometimes a tsunami causes the water near the shore to recede,
exposing the ocean floor.
-Force of some tsunamis is enormous. Large rocks weighing several
tons along with boats and other debris can be moved inland hundreds
of feet by tsunami wave activity.
• MITIGATION MEASURES CONSIDERING
TSUNAMI
IF YOU ARE ON LAND
-If at school and you hear there is a tsunami warning, you should
follow the advice of teachers and other school personnel
-If you are at home and there is a tsunami warning, you should make
sure your entire family is aware of the warning. Your family should
evacuate.
-if you are at the beach or near the ocean and you feel the earth
shake, move immediately to higher ground, DO NOT wait for a tsunami
warning to be announced. Stay away from rivers and streams that lead
to the ocean.
 -High multi-story reinforced concrete hotels are located in many low-
lying coastal areas. The upper floors of these hotels can provide a safe
place to find refuge if you haven't moved quickly inland to higher ground.
-STAYING AWAY FROM LOW-LYING AREAS IS THE SAFEST ADVICE
WHEN THERE IS A TSUNAMI WARNING
VOLCANIC ERUPTION

-evacuation prior to such eruption from areas likely to be affected by

pyroclastic flows.

-Lahar is the major volcanic hazard for people and property. Lahar
proceed very quickly and possess great destructive power.
WILD FIRE
-modification of forest environment surrounding a structure that
puts that structure at risk from wildfire

-modification of the construction of the structure itself or changing

its location to improve its ability to withstand wildfire without being
dependent upon fire suppression resources
NATURAL DISASTERS
STAMPEDES
-organization and traffic control, such as barriers.
-effective crowd flow management
FIRE
AT HOME
-be sure to have safe storage for hazardous and combustible chemicals
-check if you have turned off the gas before leaving home
-if you detect any leakage or gas or short-circuit, turn off your main, open
the kitchen windows, alert everyone in the site to leave the open ground
and immediately call to brigade officers.
-if possible, avoid using fire crackers during festivals or new year
celebrations. Better have assistance from experts
AT THE OFFICE
-all companies should have fire extinguishers (minimum of one at each
floor) so that incase of outbreak of fire it could be immidiately put off.
-each and every employee must be taught to operate these fire
extinguishers.
-Incase of companies dealing with chemicals and electronic equipments, it
is solely their responsibility to undertake safety measures enumerated in
the manual of those chemicals and electronic items.
TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS
Before you use your car, be sure to check the acronym BLOWBAGETS
B-Battery
L-Lights
O-Oil
W-Water
B-Breaks
A-Air
G-Gas
E-Engine
T-Tire
S-Self
OIL SPILLS
-Double-hulling- build double hulls into vessels, which reduces the
risk and severity of a spill in case of a spill in case of a collision or
grounding.
-Secondary containment- methods to prevent releases of oil or
hydrocarbons into environment
3. ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEERS IN DISASTER
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
1. STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
-Plans and designs structures based on codes and
specifications

INNOVATIONS:
-High performance concrete, fiber-reinforced
concrete, self-compacting concrete
• FLOODING RESISTANCE STRUCTURES

– Watertight buildings
– Dry flood-proofing
– Use of flood-walls
• EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE STRUCTURES

– Use of energy dissipating devices

– Braced structure frames
– Moment resisting frames
• HURRICANE AND TYPHOON RESISTANCE

– Use of hurricane straps to strengthen connections

– Braced roof trusses and gables
– Impact resistant doors and windows
• LANDSLIDE AND MUDSLIDE RESISTANCE

– Soil reinforcement using geo-synthetic materials

– Construction channels
– Drainage system
– Retention system
– Deflection walls
2. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER
-Provides detailed investigation of the
subsoil for earthquake resistant design

-subsoil condition, characteristics and

capacity of soil, specific ground response and
liquefaction potential
3. HYDRAULIC ENGINEER
-provides information about bridges and
dams and also suggest flood control measures

-water level, bridge and dam conditions,

water supply
4. CITY PLANNER
-Provides information about the most
vulnerable areas to disasters

-strict issuance of building permits

5. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
-formulates preventive measures and
guidelines in context of the environment and
ecosystem rostoration

-air pollution control, industrial hygiene,

radiation protection, hazardous waste
management, toxic material control, etc.