IMPLEMENTATION OF CMOS BINARY TO GRAY CODE

CONVERTER USING QCA LOGIC

Eluru college of engineering and technology

Dept of: Electronics and Communication

Presented by
Under the esteemed guidance of 1.P.Durga Prasad (16JD5A0415)
Mr.K.Veerannababu M.Tech 2.P.Pavan (15JD1A0485)
3.V.Rama Krishna (15JD1A04B3)
4.Md.Asif Pasha (16JD5A0413)
 Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Existing system
• Back ground of QCA
• Gray codes
• Truth table
• Proposed system
• Schematic layout for XOR with QCA logic
• Schematic layout of 4 bit binary to gray converter with CMOS logic
• Advantages
• Applications
• Future scope
• Results
• conclusion
 Abstract
QCA is an nanotechnology which offers an attractive
solution to overcome the physical limits that CMOS devices faces
during future downscaling of their dimensional sizes.In qca, the
electrons are basically restrained in quantum dots

So we use QCA which provides powerful features such

as higher packaging density,reduced area,much lower power
dissipation and higher switching speeds at nanometer scale.QCA
designs new logic circuits which are translations of standard logic
devices.
 Introduction
QCA is an evolving nanotechnology and has capability to
develop digital circuits.It is used to design new logic circuits
which are basically a translation of standard logic
devices.Alternatives to conventional CMOS technology is QCA
which provides higher density, lower dissipation of power, higher
clock frequency and better output results are needed.
 Existing system
• In existing system we are using the conventional CMOS
device

• These devices are consumes the power more

• The complexity of the circuits are high

• To over come the exiting system disadvantages we are

proposed the QCA technology
 Back ground of QCA
• QCA device is a nanostructure whose fundamental unit is
QCA cell

• QCA cell structure and cell polarization is as shown in below

figures
• The fundamental basic gates in QCA are the Majority Gate
and Inverter

• The majority gate with 3 inputs,inverter and qca wire are

fundamental primitives of QCA as shown in the figures
The majority gate mainly works based on the following equation

M(A,B,C)=AB+BC+AC
 Gray Codes

• Gray codes are developed in Bell labs.

• At first Gray codes are called as reflected binary codes.

• For converting binary to gray we perform the XOR operation.

• Gray codes are non weighted codes.

 Proposed system
• Here we are proposed the QCA implementation of 4-bit binary
to gray converter using the fundamental elements of QCA
technology

• The fundamental elements are majority gate and inverter

• Here we also proposed QCA design for EX-OR gate

Block diagram of the QCA logic
Schematic layout of 4-Bit Binary to
Gray Code Converter
M (A, B, C) = AB + BC + AC
 Advantages
• Low power consumption

• Error correction

• Easy to data accessing

• Fast responce
 Applications
• ADC converters

• Data read

• Data write

• To minimize the Boolean expressions

• Mathematical puzzles
 Future scope
• Here we have implemented 4 bit converter, In future higher
bits inverter with more than 3 input majority gate can be
implemented.

• It includes various methods to develop simple as well as

complex memories, multipliers and other sequential circuits
for fast working and methods to enhance them.
 Results
Synthesis 1
Synthesis 2
Simulation 1
Simulation 2
 Conclusion
• QCA designs for XOR gate and 4 bit binary to gray code
convertor are explained in this concept.

• Designing the layout ircuits and simulating the proposed

layouts is done using QCA designer tool.

• The proposed circuits are implemented using least number of

cells,minimum clock delays
Thank You