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Hassaan Rahat
Hassaan Rahat
Spherical plain
bearings
Components for
parallel kinematics
Cylindrical
roller bearings
Radial insert
ball bearings Linear guides
Cage-guided
cylindrical roller
bearings
Spindle bearings
Needle roller Self-aligning Thrust radial cylindrical roller bearing
Tapered bearings roller bearings with an outside diameter of 4250 mm
roller bearings.
Yoke type &
stud type
The smallest track rollers
ball bearing with a 1 mm
inside diameter
Sectors
Consumer Production Power Heavy
Products Machinery Transmission & Industry
Rail Technology
History
FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schäfer AG
is the oldest ball bearing manufacturer in the world,
the pioneer of the rolling bearing industry.
Heavy
100 Ton
Sliding friction
Not Heavy
100
100Ton
Ton
Rolling
elements
Rolling friction
CAUSES OF BEARING FAILURES
Mounting & Handling
Contamination 13 %
25 % Material &
Production Faults
1%
Unsuitable Choice of
Bearings
8%
Consequential
Faults
Inadequate 7%
Lubrication Other
35 % 11 %
Rolling Bearing damages
Corrosion
Causes
Incorrect storage in
the warehouse
Extreme
temperature
variations
Axial cracks
Causes
Rotating of inner
ring on the shaft
Fit too tight
Out-of-roundness
True Brinelling
Causes
Mounting forces
applied via rolling
element
Lip fractures
Causes
Mounting damage
Score marks
Causes
During mounting
the single ring and
the ring with the
rolling element set
are not concentric
to one another or
misaligned and
shoved together
forcefully
Overheating
Causes
Bearing clearance
in operating
condition too low
Inadequate
lubrication
Overlubrication
Make clean condition:
Contamination
Outer ring
Cage
Rolling
Element
Balls
Temperature
Page 26
Rolling bearing characteristics
Rolling bearing cage
What are the functions of the cage?
1. It separates the rolling elements from each other
2. It maintains the rolling elements at the same distance from each other
3. In bearings where the parts can be separated or swivelled out in
relation to each other, it prevents the rolling elements falling out
Rolling bearing characteristics
Rolling bearing cage
What are the other functions of the cage?
4. It guides the rolling elements in the unloaded zone of the bearing
Rolling bearing characteristics
Rolling bearing cage
CAGE MATERIALS:
STEEL
BRASS
POLYAMIDE
OTHER MATERIALS LIKE PHENOLIC
RASINS, ALUMINIUM ETC.
Material & classification of cages
Three basic types of Cages are classified
material of Cages: into three groups:
Steel Pressedcages
Brass Machined cages
Pressed cage Machined cage Machined cage Machined cage Machined cage
JPA M1 TV TVP TVP
Cage - Comparison
Steel Brass Polyamide
Page 37
Radial Load
DUE TO THE WEIGHT
OF THE SHAFT AND
ACCOMPANYING
ASSEMBLEYS
ACTING ALONG
THE RADIUS OF
BEARING.
Radial load
a a a
b b
b
a a a
a: raceway b: lip
The radial load bearing capacity of a rolling
bearing depends on the length of the contact line
between rolling element and races
Page 39
Axial Load
DUE TO AXIAL
MOVEMENT OF THE
SHAFT OR AXIAL
THRUST WHILE IN
ROTATION ACTING
ALONG THE AXIS OF
THE BEARING.
Axial load
Page 41
Contact Angle Relationships
Speed
Axial Load
Radial Load
Gap
Misaligned Housings
α
Temperature
Page 47
Every Rolling bearing has its own code.
It stands for:
- the type
- the dimensions
- the tolerance Class
- the clearance Group
Bearing Codes - Rules for New designations
The Point “.“ and the Blank as Separator for Suffixes are canceled.
They are replaced as Separator always by the Dash “-“!
Page 50
THREE PARTS OF BEARING CODES ARE:
Example: S6204-2RSR-W203-C3
BASIC CODES:
THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF
THE BEARING CODE.IT HAS TWO PARTS.
BASIC CODE
RULE # ONE:
Bore Bore
for bore < 10mm Number Diameter
3 3
If the bore number is 3 to 9, then the • Single digit Bore •
bore diameter is the same number in • Numbers give •
9 the Bore 9
mm. Diameter (mm)
directly
BORE REFERENCE:
Rule 2:
for bore 10mm to < 20mm
If the bore number is 00 to 03, then the bore diameter
is as mentioned in the table
Bore Bore
Number Diameter
00 10
01 These 4 Bore 12
02 Numbers define the 15
03 Bore Diameter 17
indirectly
BORE REFERENCE:
Rule 3:
for bore 20mm to 480mm
If the bore number is 04 to 96, then the bore
diameter is bore number x 5.
Bore Bore
Number Diameter
04 20
05 25
• Bore Number x 5 = •
• Bore Diameter (mm) •
92 460
96 480
BORE REFERENCE:
Rule 4:
for bore 500mm
If the bore number is separated with a slash,then bore
diameter is equal to bore number.
Bore Bore
Number Diameter
/500 500
/1180 Bore Numbers after a 1180
/1500 slash give the Bore 1500
Diameter (mm)
BORE REFERENCE:
Rule 5:
As rule 4, but for bore < 500mm
If the bore number is separated with a slash, then
bore diameter is equal to bore number.
Bore Bore
Number Diameter
/8 8
/18 Bore Numbers after a 18
/22 slash give the Bore 22
/32 Diameter (mm) 32
FAG SKF NTN EXPLAINATION
2Z 2Z ZZ METALLIC SHIELD ON BOTH SIDES
Z Z Z METALLIC SHIELD ON ONE SIDE
2RSR 2RS1 LL, LLU RUBBER SEAL ON BOTH SIDES
RSR RS, RS1 LU RUBBER SEAL ON ONE SIDE
C2 C2 C2 CLEARANCE LESS THAN NORMAL
C3 C3 C3 CLEARANCE MORE THAN NORMAL
K K K TAPER BORE RATIO 1:12
K30 K30 K30 TAPER BORE RATIO 1:30
CIRCUMFRENTIAL GROOVE AND
S W 33 D1
LUBRICATING HOLES IN OUTER RING
JP, JP1 J S STEEL CAGE
M, M1, MP, MB M M BRASS CAGE
TV,TVH,TVP2,
TN,TN9,P T2X GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYAMIDE CAGE
TVPB
ROLLING BEARING
CLEARANCES
Bearing Internal Clearance
C2 CN C3,4,5
Radial/Axial Internal Clearance
Single row DG
ball bearing 6211 1 – 15 8 – 28 23 – 43 38 – 61 55 – 90
Self aligning
ball bearing 2211 7 – 21 16 – 36 30 – 50 45 – 69 ___
Four Point
Bearing QJ 211 40 – 90 80 – 130 120 – 170 ___ ___
Single row AC
ball bearing 7211 3 – 22 13 – 36 26 – 48 40 – 63 ___
Cylindrical roller
bearing NU2211 15 – 35 35 – 50 55 – 75 75 – 90 110 – 130
Spherical roller
bearing 22211 20 – 40 40 – 65 65 – 90 90 – 120 120 – 160
How to measure radial clearance of
Bearings
Type of Bearing Instrument
CLEARANCE
C2 CLEARANCE : 1 TO 11 MICRONS
NORMAL CLEARANCE : 5 TO 20 MICRONS
C3 CLEARANCE : 13 TO 28 MICRONS
C4 CLEARANCE : 23 TO 41 MICRONS
TOLERANCE
Fits
E8
F7
Housing bore
F6
H8
G7
G6
H7
H6
H5
J7
+
JS7
JS6
JS5
JS4
K6
K5
K7
M7
J6
Zero line
Nominal
M6
-
N6
diameter
N7
P6
P7
R6
S6
DDmp = Tolerance
Bearing outside Loose fit
diameter
Transision fit
DDmp = Tolerance
bearing bore Tight fit
s7
diameter
r7
s6
p7
r6
p6
p5
m6
n6
m5
n5
k6
n4
k5
k4
js5
+
js3
js4
Zero line
Nominal
h3
j5
j6
h4
h5
h6
h7
g6
f6
- diameter
Shaft diameter
Page 74
Influence of the Fits on Rolling Bearing Clearance
7 - 12 h5 H6 J6 CN - - - -
15 - 30 j5 H6 J6 CN k5 K6 K6 C3
35 - 95 k5 H6 J6 C3 k5 K6 M6 C3
100 m5 H6 J6 C3 m5 K6 M6 C3
Page 75
IBS-M-2 · 05.02.2002 WL42-05-87 D
Seals and Shields
Open Sealed Shield
SEAL SHEILD
Retain grease in the
bearing
Dust, Dry dirt
Moist atmosphere
Occasional splashes
SEAL SHEILD
Rotating Outer Ring
High Speed
Suitability
Easy Removal
HIGH QUALITY TESTED GREASE “MULTI
2” AND “MULTI 3” BY FAG IS FILLED IN ALL
SHIELDED “2Z” AND SEALED “RSR”
BEARINGS.
THE GREASE IS BEST SUITED FOR
RUNNING TEMPERTAURES IN THE RANGE OF
60-70 º C
Rust Preventive Coating:
Outer Ring
Ball
Metal contact:
High friction, Wear,
heat up, noise, etc
Lubrication (grease / Oil)
Magnify image
Outer Ring
Ball
Ball Ball
0.1
Relative
life
0.01
Grease lubrication is
used for 90 % of all
rolling bearings.
What is a Grease ???
Thickner
5 - 30%
Base-Oil
70 - 90%
Base Oil
Natural mineral oil or synthetic oils such as
diester oil, silicone oil and fluorocarbon oil are
used as grease base oils.
Mainly, the properties of any grease is
determined by the properties of the base oil.
Generally, greases with a low viscosity base
oil are best suited for low temperatures and
high speeds; while greases made from high
viscosity base oils are best suited for heavy
loads generally at low speed.
Lubrication
Effectiveness of the thickener
low high
viscosity viscosity
water syrup
Consistency
The consistency of a grease, i.e. the
stiffness and liquidity, is expressed by
a numerical index.
The NLGI values for this index
indicate the relative softness of the
grease; the larger the number, the
stiffer the grease.
For the lubrication of rolling bearings,
greases with the NLGI consistency
numbers of 1, 2, and 3 are used.
Consistency Class
• NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute).
• Class 1, 2 and 3.
Example of consistency
Consistency of Greases
NLGI JIS (ASTM)
Consist- Worked Applications
ency No. penetration
Lower limit
Compatibility of grease with other material
• Rubber seals
• Polyamide cages
Things to consider for
Grease Lubrication
Grease Selection
1st Time Lubrication Quantity
Relubrication Quantity
Relubrication Interval
GREASE SELECTION
CRITERIA
Temperature
Load
Speed
Environment e.g. Steam, Water,
Chemical etc.
Equivalence/Compatibility
Lubrication frequency/method.
Initial Fill Quantity
DmN < 50,000 (Low Speed)
Fill 80% of free space
DmN (50,000 – 500,000) (Medium Speed)
Fill 50% of free space
DmN > 500,000 (High Speed)
Fill 30% of free space
LUBRICATION
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Example Of Grease Lubrication Interval
Calculation :-
Bearing Number 6308 running at 2800 rpm and 80ºC.:
For N X Dm :
Dm= (40 + 90)/2=65
N X Dm= 65 X 2800 = 182,000.
Kf for deep groove ball bearing is 0.9
So Kf X N X Dm= 182,000 X 0.9=163,800
And from graph 163 Vs hrs means interval should be
approximately 9,000 hrs.
LUBRICATION
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Determination of Factor “kf”
Bearing Type Kf
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Relubrication Interval for normal Lithium Base
Greases
LUBRICATION
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
t = tf x f1 x f2 x f3 x f4
LUBRICATION
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Effect of dust and moisture on the bearing contact surface(f1)
Moderate = 0.9 … 0.7
Strong = 0.7 … 0.4
Very Strong = 0.4 … 0.1
Effect of shock loads and vibrations (f2)
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Centrifugal effect or vertical shafts depending on the sealing (f4)
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Calculating Modified relubrication Interval:
Moderate dust and moisture (f1) =0.8
Moderate shock loads (f2) =0.8
80ºC Temperature (f3) =0.5
No vertical shaft (f4) =1.0
So the modified interval came out to be as follows:
t = 9,000 x 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.5 x 1.0 =2,880 hrs
Interval has been changed from more than one year to
around four months
LUBRICATION
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Regreasing Quantity:
M =D.B.X
M = Amount of greases (in grams).
D = Bearing Outside Diameter (mm)
B = Bearing Width (mm)
X = Relubrication Interval Factor
Selection of Lubricant--Grease
Clean Hands
Covered Grease Containers
Smaller Packing
Greasing during machine operation
Stand by equipment
Color Coding System
Never Mix Two Lubricants
Thank
you