Other Sources of Alternative or

Renewable Energy

HYDROGEN
What is Hydrogen
• The most abundant element in the universe
• Hydrogen makes up about 74% of the entire universe
• It can be found as a compound here on Earth, bonded with
other elements
• A colorless, odorless gas
• Low density than any gases
• Highly combustible gas
• A possible source of clean energy
Where it can be obtained?
• It is present in stars and gaseous planet
• On Earth,it can be found in large quantities in water and also in
hydrocarbons or natural gas , but it is almost impossible to obtain
pure hydrogen gas in our atmosphere
• ELECTROLYSIS of water is one of the method of obtaining hydrogen gas from
water
• Another method of obtaining hydrogen gas is through STEAM
REFORMING
STEAM METHANE REFORMING
• is a chemical synthesis for producing syngas, hydrogen, carbon
monoxide from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas
• This is achieved in a processing device called a reformer which reacts
steam at high temperature and pressure with methane in the
presence of a nickel catalyst
• Recently, this is the method commonly used because this is the
cheapest and efficient way of producing hydrogen gas
STEAM METHANE REFORMING DIAGRAM
 ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER
• is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas
due to the passage of an electric current
• Simple method of producing hydrogen gas
• Small scale production
ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER DIAGRAM
HOW TO UTILIZE HYDROGEN GAS AS A FUEL
• Liquid Hydrogen
• Used a propellant

• Fuel cell
• is an electrochemical cell that converts the potential energy from a fuel into
electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen
or another oxidizing agent
• A single fuel cell produced only approximately 1.23V, they mus be stacked
together
• Its efficiency ranges from 40 – 60 percent
FUEL CELL
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN GAS AS ENERGY
SOURCE

• It’s a renewable energy source

• Abundant source
• Clean Energy
• Non-toxic fuel
• Low density fuel, for a lightweight design
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROGEN GAS AS
ENERGY SOURCE
• Limited supply and High cost
• Tricky to transport
• Must be stored in pressurized tanks, which can result to failure and
explosion
• Cannot sustain the entire population