HUMAN

DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONE
PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
GROWTH

• Increase in the number of

cells as they divide and
synthesize into new
pattern
• Increase in height and
weight
DEVELOPMENT- gradual growth and
change from a lower to a more
advanced state of complexity

MATURATION LEARNING

• Learning states that • Experiences from the

learning takes place environment
when the child is ready
Factors affecting growth and
development
• Gender • Material possessions
• Income • Employment /
• Pollution unemployment
• Ethnicity and religion • Family relationships
• Diet • Amount and type of
• Genetic Inheritance physical activity
• Housing conditions • Educational
experiences
• Friendships
• Access to health and
• Life Experiences welfare services
(birth, marriage,
death and divorce) • Experience of illness
or disease
1.Development
proceeds from
head to toe…
THE CEPHALO-
CAUDAL PRINCIPLE
2.Development
proceeds from
the center of
the body
outward…
THE PROXIMO-
DISTAL PRINCIPLE
Development
depends on
maturation
and learning…
Development
proceeds from
simple
(concrete) to
more
complex…
Growth and
Development
is a continuous
process…

…from womb to
tomb…

…proceeds in an
orderly manner
Growth and
Development
proceeds from
general to
specific…
There are
individual
rates of
growth and
development…
Behavior is
most
sensitive and
complex
indicator of
developmental
status
Play is central
to the life of
a child
TRENDS AND PATTERNS
A. DIRECTIONAL PATTERNS
• CEPHALO-CAUDAL
• PROXIMO-DISTAL
• MASS TO SPECIFIC OR
DIFFERENTIATION
B. SEQUENTIAL PATTERNS
• LOCOMOTION
• LANGUAGE
C. SECULAR PATTERNS
• UNIVERSAL TRENDS IN RATE AND
AGE OF MATURITY
• CHILDREN MATURE EARLIER THATN
THEIR COUNTERPART IN
PRECEEDING GENERATIONS
DEVELOPMENTAL
PERIODS
 PRE-NATAL
(CONCEPTION TO BIRTH)
 INFANCY
(BIRTH TO 12 MONTHS)
EARLY CHILDHOOD
(1-6 YEARS OLD)
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
(6-11 YEARS OLD)
LATE CHILDHOOD
(12-19 YEARS OLD)