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• Memahami spesifikasi motor dari Nameplate
Contoh Name Plate
Understanding NEMA Motor
Nameplates
 Manufacturer’s Type
• 1-Phase: Shaded Pole. Lowest starting torque, low cost, low efficiency, no
capacitors. No start switch. Used on small direct-drive fans and small gearmotors.
• 1-Phase: PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor). Similar to shaded pole applications
except much higher efficiency, lower current and higher horsepower capability.
Has run capacitor in circuit at all times.
• 1-Phase: Split Phase. Moderate to low starting torque, no capacitor and has
starting switch. Used on easy start, belt-drive fans and blowers, light start pump
applications and gearmotors.
• 1-Phase: Capacitor-Start. Designed in both moderate and high starting torque
types with both having moderate starting current and high breakdown torque.
Uses include conveyors and air compressors.
• 3-Phase. Generally 3-phase induction motors have a high starting torque, high
power factor, high efficiency, and low current. Does not use a switch, capacitor or
relay for starting. Suitable for use on larger commercial and industrial applications.
• AC/DC (Universal or Series Wound). Operates on AC (60 or 50 Hz) power. High
speed. Speed drops rapidly as load increases. Used for drills, saws, etc., where high
output and small size are desired and speed characteristic and limited life
(primarily of brushes) is acceptable.
• Shunt Wound and Permanent Magnet DC. High starting and breakdown torque.
Provide smooth operation at low speeds. Used on constant or diminishing torque
applications with Type K rectified DC power
 Understanding motor nameplates
Under IEC standards, all motors are described in terms of their operating and design
characteristics using a motor nameplate attached to body of the motor’s housing.
Nameplates which can display the following specific pieces of information:
1. Manufacturer name and manufacturer-specific ordering code. This code will typically
contain information about frame size and mounting arrangement.
2. Rated volts - The voltage at which the motor is designed to operates and give optimum
performance.
3. Full load amps –.used to facilitate cable sizing, starter selection and motor protection.
4. Rated frequency in Hertz, and rated full load speed in revs/minute at that frequency.
5. Rated temp rise or insulation class – Industry standard specification of the thermal
tolerance of the motor insulation.
6. Rated power (kW).
7. Electrical connection and associated operating parameters – i.e. three phase motors can
be connected in a ‘star’ (Υ) or ‘delta’ (Δ) configuration. In a star configuration the current
flowing from the supply is reduced as is the torque.
8. Power factor for the motor.
9. Efficiency class – IEC nameplates quote EFF ratings at full load. It is a measure of how well
the motor converts electrical energy to mechanical power.
 AC Motor Data Plate
• Each motor has a plate mounted on its frame, with electrical and
mechanical information.

10
NEMA Motor Design Classes
ELECTRIC MOTOR NEMA FRAME SIZE
 IP s l (i)
Understanding IP and NEMA Ratings
s = solids, l=liquids and i= impact (optional)

First Index - Foreign Bodies Protection, Solids

Index Protection against Human/Tool Contact Protection against solid objects (foreign bodies)

0 No special protection

1 Back of hand, Fist Large foreign bodies, diam. >50mm

2 Finger Medium-sized foreign bodies, diam. >12

3 Tools and wires etc with a thickness >2.5mm Small foreign bodies, diam. >2.5mm

4 Tools and wires etc with a thickness >1mm Granular foreign bodies, diam. >1mm

Dust protected; dust deposits are permitted, but

5 Complete protection, (limited ingress permitted) their volume must not affect the function of the
unit.

6 Complete protection Dust-proof

 Second Index - Water Protection, Liquids
Index Protection against water Protection from condition
0 No special protection
1 Water dripping/falling vertically Condensation/Light rain

2 Water sprayed at an angle (up to 15º degrees from the vertical) Light rain with wind

3 Spray water (any direction up to 60º degrees from the vertical) Heavy rainstorm

4 Spray water from all directions, (limited ingress permitted) Splashing

Low pressure water jets from all directions, (limited ingress

5 Hose down, residential
permitted)

High pressure jets from all directions, (limited ingress Hose down, commercial.
6
permitted) eg. Ship decks

7 Temporary immersion, 15 cm to 1m Immersion in tank

8 Permanent Immersion, under pressure For use on Titanic recovery vehicle

Third Index - Impact Protection, Impact

Index Protection against impact Equivalent mass impact

0 No special protection
eg. 150g weight falling from 15cm
1 Protected against 0.225J impact
height

eg. 250g weight falling from 15cm

2 Protected against 0.375J impact
height

eg. 250g weight falling from 20cm

3 Protected against 0.5J impact
height

eg. 500g weight falling from 40cm

4 Protected against 2.0J impact
height

eg. 0.61183kg weight falling from 1m

5 Protected against 6.0J impact
height

eg. 2.0394kg weight falling from 1m

6 Protected against 20.0J impact
height
 Standard NEMA
• ODP - Open Drip Proof
• TEFC - Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled
• TEAO - Totally Enclosed Air Over
• TEBC - Totally Enclosed Blower Cooled
• TENV - Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated
• TEWC - Totally Enclosed Water Cooled
 ODP - Open Drip Proof

TEFC - Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled

TEAO - Totally
Enclosed Air Over
 TEBC - Totally Enclosed Blower
CooledTEBC - Totally Enclosed
Blower Cooled

TENV - Totally Enclosed Non-

Ventilated

TEWC - Totally Enclosed Water

Cooled
Design ("Des," "NEMA Design" or
"Design")
Enclosure (Encl)
• ODP - Open Drip Proof: Allows air to circulate through the motor for
cooling, but protected from drips up to 15o off of vertical. Typically used
for indoor applications in relatively clean, dry locations.
• TEFC - Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled: No airflow through the motor. An
external fan blows air over the exterior of the motor for cooling. This
motor is not water-tight. Outside air and moisture can enter the motor,
but not in enough quantities to impair performance. Typically used for
outdoor and dirty locations.
• TENV - Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated: Similar to a TEFC, but has no
cooling fan. It is dependent on convection and radiation for cooling.
• TEVF - Totally Enclosed with Vented Flange.
• TEAO - Totally Enclosed Air Over: A special motor used for fans. It has no
integral fan, but uses the airflow from the driven fan for cooling.
• TEBC - Totally Enclosed Blower Cooled.
• WD - Washdown: Designed to withstand high pressure washdowns or
other high humidity or wet environments. Available on TEAO, TEFC and
TENV enclosures.
• WP - Weather-Protected.
• EXPL - Explosion-proof enclosures: The motor is designed to withstand an
internal explosion of specified gases or vapors, and not allow the internal
flame or explosion to escape. Available on TEFC or TENV enclosures.
• HAZ - Hazardous Location: For use in various hazardous locations, as
defined by the National Electric Code. The following hazardous locations
are defined:
 Hazardous Location
CLASS I
• Group A: Acetylene
• Group B: Butadiene, ethylene oxide, hydrogen, propylene oxide, manufactured
gases containing more than 30ydrogen by volume.
• Group C: Acetaldehyde, cyclopropane, diethyl ether, ethylene.
• Group D: Acetone, acrylonitrile, ammonia, benzene, butane, ethanol, ethylene
dichloride, gasoline, hexane, isoprene, methane (natural gas), methanol, naphtha,
propane, propylene, styrene, toluene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, xylene.
CLASS II
• Group E: Aluminum, magnesium, and other metal dusts with similar
characteristics.
• Group F: Carbon black, coke or coal dust.
• Group G: Flour, starch or grain dust.
CLASS III
• Easily ignitable fibers, such as rayon, cotton, sisal, hemp, cocoa fiber, oakum,
excelsior and other materials of similar nature.
FRAME
 Shaft Type (optional)
Describes the output shaft. The general shaft types include:

• Flat. Usually found on motors with up to 1/2" diameter shaft.

Lengths of flat is governed by NEMA standards. Balance of shaft is
round.
• Key. Primarily used on motors with 5/8" and larger shaft diameter.
Key size is determined by NEMA standards.
• Round. Used on small C-frame shaded pole motors. Full length of
shaft is round.
• Thd (Threaded). Used on uni-directional motors for special
applications such as driving impeller of jet pumps. Threaded in
opposite direction to shaft rotation so driven device tightens on
shaft.
• Others are available for specific applications.
 Mounting (optional)
Describes the method of mounting the motor. The basic types include:

• Face, Flange (C-face, Flange). Shaft-end endshield has a flat mounting surface,
machined to standard dimension, with holes to allow easy, secure mounting to
driven equipment. Commonly used on jet pumps, oil burners and gear reducers.
The mounting dimensions are based on industry (NEMA) standards.
• Brkt, Lug, Halo. Mounting bracket is secured to motor. Bracket's mounting holes
have positions which do not relate to an industry standard, but specific
applications will usually have the same hole mounting patterns. When replacing a
motor, the on-center dimensions of holes should be checked.
• Holes. Threaded holes are machined into motor and are usually located on shaft
end. Hole positions do not relate to an industry standard, but motors intended for
specific applications will usually have the same hole patterns. When replacing a
motor, the on-center dimensions of holes should be checked.
• Cradle (Resilient cradle). Motor is provided with a base which is isolated from
motor shell with vibration-absorbing material, such as rubber rings. Mounting
dimensions are based on industry (NEMA) standards.
• Rigid (Rigid base). Motor is provided with base which is either welded or bolted to
motor shell. Mounting dimensions are based on industry (NEMA) standards.
• Ring (Resilient ring). Vibration-absorbing material such as rubber rings are
provided on each endshield. Base or bracket (not provided) is usually clamped to
these rings. When replacing motor, on-center distance of rings should be checked.
• Stud (Stud, Bolt, Thrubolt). Motor has bolts or welded
studs extending from front and/or rear endshield.
Positioning of studs or bolts do not relate to an
industry standard, but will usually be common for a
given motor diameter. When replacing motor, on-
center distance of studs or bolts should be checked.
• Yoke. Tabs are welded to bottom of motor shell for
bolting to a fan column or bracket. Used on fan-duty
motors only.
• Hub. A mounting ring on shaft end of motor. Designed
to fit specific applications, such as carbonator pumps
and pedestal sump pumps.
 Bearings (optional)
Provides information on the bearing type & design. The main types
are:

• Slv (Sleeve). Preferred where low noise level and lower cost is
important, as on fan and blower motors. Sleeve bearing motors
listed herein can be mounted in any position, including shaft up or
shaft down (all-position mounting).
• Ball. Where higher load capacity and/or less frequent lubrication is
desired. Ball bearings are pre-lubricated and protected to keep out
contaminants.
• B&S. (Ball & Sleeve). Ball bearing on shaft end, sleeve on terminal
box end.
• Unit. Constructed with a single sleeve bearing. Fan-duty only. All-
position mounting unless otherwise noted
MECHANICAL OUTPUT
 – Horsepower
The rated shaft power output at the rated
voltage, current and frequency. The motor's
power output is related to its torque by the
following relationship:

HP = (torque [lb-ft]) * (speed [RPM]) / 5250

 – Full Load RPM
• The motor's speed when delivering rated HP at rated full load
torque.

• Multi-speed shaded pole and PSC motors show maximum speed

first, followed by total number of speeds (i.e., 3000/3-Spd). Multi-
speed split phase and capacitor-start motors have maximum speed
shown first, followed by second speed (i.e., 1725/1140). RPM rating
for a gearmotor represents output shaft speed.

• Note: Many "high" efficiency motors have higher speed ratings than
comparable sized standard efficiency motors. This higher operating
speed can actually increase power consumption in centrifugal loads
(e.g., pumps and fans). For centrifugal loads, torque is proportional
to the square of the speed; e.g., doubling the speed will increase
torque by 2^2 = 4. Power is equal to torque x speed, or proportional
to the cube of speed. Thus, a small increase in speed can have a
much larger increase in power consumption. For example, a 1%
increase in speed will result in a 3% increase in power (1.01^3=
1.03).
ELECTRICAL INPUT
 – Rated Voltage (Volts)
• This is the voltage at which the motor is designed to operate.
Nameplate values for current, power factor, efficiency, and torque,
are based on operation at rated voltage and frequency. Using a
motor at a different voltage will change its performance.

• Manufacturers often rate their motors for a variety of different

voltages. For example, a motor can be wound for both 230 and 460
V in which case the nameplate would read 230/460. In some cases,
it can be operated at other voltages but with degraded
performance; for this example 208 V in which case the nameplate
would read 208-230/460.

• One may wonder why the above voltage ratings are not for the
network voltages (240 or 480 V). Most manufacturers assume there
will be a voltage drop through the buildings network to the motor
terminals, so they rate their motors for the actual voltage expected
at the motor terminals. Therefore, a 460 V motor is usually suitable
for a facility with a 480 V network supply voltage.
 – Rated Current (Amps, FLA)
The current the motor draws at the rated load when
operated at the rated voltage and frequency. Unbalanced
phases, under-voltage conditions, etc. can cause
deviation from rated current.

– Current When Operated at the Service Factor Load -

Optional (S.F.A.)
The current drawn by the motor when operated at
service factor load.

– Frequency.
Input electricity frequency at which the motor is designed
to operate, typically 50 or 60 Hz. Sometimes the
frequency range is given for variable frequency drive
applications
 – Number of phases
Number of AC phases the motor is designed to
operate, typically single and three phase.

– Locked-rotor kVA code (L.R. KVA Code, Code)

A letter code (from A-V) which defines the locked-
rotor kVA on a per-HP basis. This is used by the
installer to determine the proper branch circuit
protection rating. Generally, inrush current per HP
increases per letter. Replacing a motor with a higher
locked rotor code may require additional upstream
electrical equipment to handle the higher inrush
currents.
 – Power Factor (PF)
The power factor of the motor at full load. The
power factor is the ratio of active power (W) to
apparent power (VA), and can vary from 0 to 1.
High power factors (i.e., close to 1) are
desirable. The power factor is also equal to the
cosine of the angle formed by the lag between
the current with respect to the voltage.

For induction motors, the power factor varies

with load. The following graph shows the typical
variation of power factor with load:
 – Power Factor Correction (Max Corr KVAR)
(Optional)
If given, this is the maximum power factor
correcting capacitor size to be used. Value is
typically given in kVARs. Using higher values
than specified could result in higher voltages
which could damage the motor or other
components.
PERFORMANCE
 – NEMA nominal efficiency (Nom Eff, Nom NEMA Eff.)
This is the average efficiency for a large number of the same motors.
The actual motor efficiency is guaranteed to be within a band of this
nominal efficiency by the manufacturer. The efficiency band varies
from manufacturer to manufacturer. The maximum allowable "band"
is 20% set by NEMA. This is a large range; therefore pay close attention
to the manufacturer's actual minimum guarantee!

– Service factor (SF)

This is the percent of overloading the motor can handle for short
periods due to periodic overloading, or high/low voltage conditions.
Most motors have a duty factor of 1.15 for open motors and 1.0 for
totally closed motors.

The service factor is required to appear on the nameplate only if it is

different from SF = 1

Operating a motor at overloads allowed by the service factor for

extended periods can result in overheating, decreased efficiency,
decreased power factor, etc.
NEMA Service Factor at Synchronous Speed (RPM) for drip proof motors:

Service Factor - SF
Power
Synchronous Speed (RPM)
(HP)
3600 1800 1200 900

1/6, 1/4, 1/3 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

1/2 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

3/4 1.25 1.25 1.15 1.15
1 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.15

1 1/2 and up 1.115 1.15 1.15 1.15

Example - Service Factor
A 1 HP motor with a Service Factor - SF = 1.15 can
operate at
1 HP x 1.15
= 1.15 HP
without overheating or otherwise damaging the
motor if rated voltage and frequency are supplied
to the motor.
Insulation life and bearings life are reduced by the
service factor load.
 – Duty
The length of time which a motor can operate at
its rated load safely. Continuous (or "Cont.") is
the typical rating. However, some motors are
rated for intermittent duty, such as crane, hose,
valve actuator and others. The intermittent duty
rating is typically expressed in minutes.
RELIABILITY
 – Insulation class (Ins Cl, Insul Class)
A letter designation specifying the thermal tolerance, or
ability to survive a specified temperature for a specified
period of time, of the motor windings. Three insulation
classes are generally used:

• Class A: 105 C maximum

• Class B: 130 C maximum
• Class F: 155 Celsius maximum.

– Maximum Ambient Temperature (Max Amb)

The maximum ambient operating temperature and still
be within tolerance of the insulation class at the
maximum temperature rise. Typically given in degrees
Celsius
 – Altitude
The altitude at which a motor can operate and
still be within its design temperature rise and
meet other nameplate data. Operating at lower
altitudes will make the motor run cooler, while
operating at higher altitudes will make it run
hotter
SAFETY
 – Thermal Protection (Over Temp Prot)
Describes the motor's thermal or over-temperature protection, if so equipped.
Thermal protection can include the following:

• Auto (Automatic Reset). Contains temperature-sensing device that disconnects

one leg of its power source if temperature becomes excessive due to failure-to-
start or overload. After motor cools, thermal protector automatically restores
power. Should not be used where unexpected re-starting would be hazardous.
• Imp. (Impedance). Motor is designed so that it will not burn out in less than 15
days under locked rotor (stalled) conditions, in accordance with UL standard No.
519.
• Man. (Manual Reset). Contains a temperature-sensing device that disconnects one
leg of its power source if temperature becomes excessive due to failure-to-start or
overload. After motor cools, an external button must be pushed to restore power
to the motor. Turn off power prior to attempting to reset motor protector.
Preferred where unexpected re-starting would be hazardous, as on saws,
conveyors, compressors, etc.
• None. Motor contains no temperature-sensing device to protect motor from
excessive temperature due to failure-to-start or overload. Motor should be
protected by other means in accordance with the NEC and local code
requirements.
• T-St(Thermostat).A temperature-sensing device installed inside the motor with
separate leads brought out for connection into motor starter pilot circuit. Under
failure-to-start or overload conditions, thermostat contacts will open. Thermostat
contacts will reclose automatically when motor cools.
EXPLOSSION PROOF
 Basic Principle Of Explosive
Atmospheres
• Mixture of air under atmospheric conditions and
flammable substances in the form of gases, vapours,
mists or dusts in which, after ignition has occurred,
combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixture.
• Atmospheric conditions typically:
– -20°C to +40°C
– 0.8 to 1.1 bar
• Ignition sources:
– Electric arcs and/or sparks
– Flames
– Electrostatic sparks
– Mechanical sparks produced by grinding
 Hazard Triangle

Fuel should be present in 20% for standard

sufficient quantity and atmospheric conditions.
concentration

IGNITION SOURCE
 Definition of Zones
• Zone 0
– A place in which an explosive atmosphere is present
continuously, for long periods or frequently.
– No electric motors can be installed in Zone 0.
• Zone 1
– A place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to
occur in normal operation, occasionally.
• Zone 2
– A place in which an explosive atmosphere is not likely
to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will
persist for a short period only
 Gases and Vapours
• Gases for Group II apparatus further divided into
sub divisions:
– IIA
– IIB
– IIC
• All gases and vapours require oxygen to make
them flammable.
• Too much or too little oxygen and there will not
be an ignition
• Only exception is acetylene
• Upper and lower concentration is known as
explosive limit
 Explosive range of some gases
GAS LEL - UEL INGITION ENERGY (µJ) GAS GROUP
Acetylene 1.50% to 100% 19 IIC
Hydrogen 4.00% to 75% 85 IIC
Ethylene 2.70% to 34% 19 IIB
Methanol 6.70% to 36% 290 IIA
Propane 2.00% to 9.50% 260 IIA

GAS GROUP OF AREA ACCEPTED GAS GROUP FOR DEVICE

II A II A, II B, II C
II B II B, II C
II C II C
 Temperature Classification
• The maximum surface temperature of an electrical or
mechanical apparatus must always be lower than the
ignition temperature of surrounding gases/vapours
mixed with air at normal pressure.
TEMPERATURE CLASS MAXIMUM SURFACE TEMP. IGNITION TEMPERATURE OF
OF APPARATUS (°C) FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCE (°C)
T1 450 > 450
T2 300 > 300 <= 450
T3 200 > 200 <= 300
T4 135 > 135 <= 200
T5 100 > 100 <= 135
T6 85 > 85 <= 100

Types of Protection
Protection types for each zone
 Basic standard requirement is IEC 60079-0
 “Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 0: General requirements

TYPE OF PROTECTION STANDARD PERMITTED IN ZONE

Ex nA - Non-Incendive IEC 60079-15 2
Ex e - Increased safety IEC 60079-7 1 and 2
Ex d - Flameproof enclosure IEC 60079-1 1 and 2
Ex p - Pressurisation IEC 60079-2 1 and 2

• Additional protection types for accessories

TYPE OF PROTECTION STANDARD PERMITTED IN ZONE
Ex ia - Intrinsic safety IEC 60079-11 0, 1 and 2
Ex ib - Intrinsic safety IEC 60079-11 1 and 2
Ex q - powder filling IEC 60079-5 1 and 2
Ex m - encapsulation IEC 60079-18 1 and 2
Ex o - oil immersion IEC 60079-6 2