Google project loon

By – Anand Kumar
Roll no -11510309
Section-Ec-1
 GOOGLE PROJECT LOON

“Two out of every three people on earth do not have internet access”
 Project loon preview
 Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by
Google

 Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space ,

designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
 history equipment technology
technology

working reception Adv/disadvantages

 1.HISTORY
SPACE DATA INC.

 In 2001, Space Data Inc. , suggested an idea to widen the cellular coverage for the rural
areas in the united States. The idea was to have wireless transceivers carried aloft on
weather balloons, launched by the National Weather Service(NSW).

 For the past 60 years, the NSW is launching 70 balloons twice a day across the country
to collect the weather information . The weather balloons are in fact floating above
specific areas for about 24 hours at about 30 km .

 “ The balloon can be a mini and cheaper cell tower in the sky “.
 1.HISTORY
THE PILOT TEST :

 The project was announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013.Two days after it’s
announcement (on 16 June 2013),Google began a pilot experiment in new Zealand.
 A small group of project loon pioneers tested the technology in Christchurch and Canterbury.

 30 balloons were launched 20 km in sky.

 About 50 local users tested the connections to the aerial wireless network at up to 3G speed
using special antennas.
 2.EQUIPMENT

2.1 ENVELOPE 2.2 SOLAR PANEL

2.3 PAYLOAD
 2.EQUIPMENT

.
ENVELOPE:
 The loon balloon must resist high pressure than a normal weather balloon..
. That’s why Such super pressure balloons require polyester sheets since it strongly keeps from

stretching and popping even at high altitude of 40 km.
 2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
 To have the balloon descended, a fan powered by the solar energy fills the bladder with air
to make it heavier. Likewise, the fan vents air in the bladder, which causes it to rise.
 2.EQUIPMENT

ENVELOPE:
 When being out of the service, it releases gas from the envelope and descends slowly to the
ground. It rarely happens, but when the balloon drops quickly , it uses the parachute on the
top of the envelope.
 2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
 Each unit’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels that sits between the envelope
and the payload.
 2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
 In full sun, these panels produce 100 watts of power ;enough to keep the unit running while
also charging a battery for use at night.
 2.EQUIPMENT

SOLAR PANEL:
 By moving with the wind and charging in the sun , a loon balloon is able to power itself
using only renewable energy sources.
 2.EQUIPMENT

PAYLOAD:
 The payload is a small box that holds electronic devices, such as circuit boards, radio
antennas, batteries, GPS, flight sensors, and devices to monitor weather conditions.
 2.EQUIPMENT

PAYLOAD:
 The circuit board : controls the overall balloon system.
 Radio antennas : communicate with other balloons and with internet antennas on ground.
 Batteries : store solar power so the balloon can operate in night.
 3.TECHNOLOGY

a) Solar and battery technology

b) Algorithmic control
c) Wireless Mesh networking
d) ISM bands
 3.TECHNOLOGY

a) SOLAR AND BATTERY TECHNOLOGY:

Loon use 600 watt battery, charged by solar panels. These large ,extra light photovoltaic
Cells keeps the weight of the balloon less so that they can run for long missions without
landing.
 3.TECHNOLOGY

b) ALGORITHMIC CONTROL:

 GoogleX has developed Software that moves the balloon up or down to catch wind
current based on their direction to more or less keep the balloon in one area.
 3.TECHNOLOGY
c) WIRELESS
MESH NETWORKING:

 Developing countries can’t afford to lay expensive fibre cable that have to be installed
underground to allow user to connect to internet.
 Mesh networking sends internet packets from balloon to balloon and sends data to and
from homes below that have specially built antenna on their roof.
 3.TECHNOLOGY
d) ISM BAND:

 Are radio band(6.78 Mhz-245 Ghz) reserved internationally for industrial, scientific and
medical purposes other than telecommunication.
 ISM bands share the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for non ISM use because they are
typically unlicensed radio frequencies around the world.
 Google currently using these bands.
 4.WORKING

1. Where loon situated

2. How loon moves
3. How loon connects
 4.WORKING
Where loon situated :
 Loon balloon float in the stratosphere at 20km altitude.

 Stratosphere is the second layer of atmosphere(altitude

range 10-50 km) between troposphere and
mesosphere.
 4.WORKING
Where loon situated :
Advantage of stratosphere:
1.the winds here moves steadily and slowly between 5 and 20 mph.
2. commercial airliners fly between 9 and 12 km altitude, thus it avoid airplane traffics.
3.most weather phenomena occurs in the troposphere. thus they avoid any adverse weather.
4.This sphere is great for solar panel, because there is no cloud to block to sun.
 4.WORKING
How loon moves:
 Each layer of wind in stratosphere varies in direction.
 Software algorithms are used to determine where the balloon need to go, then moves it
into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction.
 By moving with the wind ,the balloons can be arranged to form one large communication
network.
 4.WORKING
How loon connects
 a user with the specialized antenna sends signals via a
radio frequency over ISM bands to a balloon close to him.

 The balloon sends the signals to neighbouring balloons.

 Then the signals reach the balloon which is connected to

the local Internet .
 4.WORKING
How loon connects
 The local ISP receives the data and forwards them via
balloons in the sky to the destination.

 Finally , the balloon close to the receiver broadcasts the

data to the grounds via a radio frequency over ISM bands.

 It provide ground connectivity to an area about 40 km

diameter circle at 3G speed.

 The special antenna installed outside home receives data.

5.Reception
INDIA :

 India has expressed it’s interested in

Google Inc.’s balloon project

 India has the third highest number of

Internet users in the world after China
and the US at 150 million, but penetration
accounts for just 12.58% of the country’s
population of 1.2 billion.

 connectivity is one of the key challenges

in India.
BILL GATES :

Bill gates criticized Google loon and says

that:

 It’s not going to uplift the poor and it’s

not an area that he’ll be putting money
into.

 “When you’re dying of malaria, I

suppose you’ll look up and see that
balloon, and I’m not sure how it’ll help
you. When a kid gets diarrhoea, no,
there’s no website that relieves that,
"gates said.
MARK ZUKERBERG :

 It’s regular carrier that will do most

of the work reaching billions of
people who lacks internet access
not sci-fi ideas like loon

 The regular carriers are doing a

good job but where it isn’t efficient
enough to cost effectively serve
people there’s a role for sci-fi ideas

 He also said that "connectivity is a

human right."
 6.Advantages/disadvantages

1.Cheaper internet 1.Crash incidents

2.3G speed 3.GPS 2.Political hurdle
expansion 3.Negotiate with
4.exploration countries to buy
5.Disaster management radio frequencies
6.Remote communication 4.Cost of operation
7.Launching balloon does not is not revealed by
require higher technical skills google
8.Intelligence gathering
10.Scientific data collection
11.Weather surveillance
References :
http://www.google.com/loon/

http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/projectloon

http://www.youtube.com/googleloon

http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnvillasenor
/2013/06/16/can-google-fly-its-internet-
balloons-wherever-it-wants/

http://readwrite.com/2013/06/19/a-
handy-guide-to-google-project-
loon#awesm=~onut8LsNNgRW2R

http://www.spacedata.net/