An Introduction to

BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
 What is Bluetooth?

• “Bluetooth wireless technology is an open specification for a

low-cost, low-power, short-range radio technology for ad-hoc
wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the
world.”

One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

2
Ultimate Headset

3
Cordless Computer

4
 Bluetooth Goals & Vision

• Originally conceived as a cable replacement technology

• Short-Range Wireless Solutions
• Open Specification
• Voice and Data Capability
• Worldwide Usability
• Other usage models began to develop:
— Personal Area Network (PAN)
— Ad-hoc networks
— Data/voice access points
— Wireless telematics
5
 Overview of Bluetooth History
• What is Bluetooth?
— Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology.

• Why this name?

— It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who
unified Denmark and Norway.

• When does it appear?

— 1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones &
accessories.
— 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in
1998.
— First specification released in July 1999.
6
 Technical features
Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping)
Connection Type
& Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)
2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of
Spectrum
spectrum = 79 channels)
Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
Transmission Power 1 mw – 100 mw
Data Rate 1 Mbps
Range 30 ft
Supported Stations 8 devices
Data Security –Authentication Key 128 bit key
Data Security –Encryption Key 8-128 bits (configurable)
Module size 9 x 9 mm

7
 Classification

• Classification of devices on the basis of Power dissipated &

corresponding maximum Range.

POWER RANGE

CLASS I 20 dBm 100 m

CLASS II 0-4 dBm 10 m
CLASS III 0 dBm 1m

8
 Typical Bluetooth Scenario

• Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-point and

point-to-multipoint (broadcast) between devices in a
piconet.
• Point to Point Link m s
— Master - slave relationship
— Bluetooth devices can function as masters or slaves

• Piconet
— It is the network formed by a Master and one or more slaves
(max 7) m
— Each piconet is defined by a different hopping channel to
which users synchronize to
— Each piconet has max capacity (1 Mbps) s s s

9
 Piconet Structure

Master

Active Slave

Parked Slave

Standby

• All devices in piconet hop together.

• Master’s ID and master’s clock determines frequency hopping
sequence & phase.

10
 Ad-hoc Network – the Scatternet

• Inter-piconet communication
• Up to 10 piconets in a
scatternet
• Multiple piconets can operate
within same physical space
• This is an ad-hoc, peer to
peer (P2P) network

11
 File Transfer Profile

• Profile provides:
• Enhanced client-server interactions:
- browse, create, transfer folders
- browse, pull, push, delete files

12
 Headset Profile

• Profile provides:
• Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection &
accept/terminate calls.
• Volume can be controlled from either device.
• Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

13
 Core Bluetooth Products

• Notebook PCs & Desktop • CD Player

computers
• TV/VCR/DVD
• Printers
• Access Points
• PDAs
• Telephone Answering
• Other handheld devices Devices
• Cell phones • Cordless Phones
• Wireless peripherals: • Cars
• Headsets
• Cameras

14
 Other Products…

• 2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS 430

— hands free calls

• Digital Pulse Oximetry System

• Toshiba Washer & Dryer
• Nokia N-gage

15
 Security

• Security Measures
— Link Level Encryption & Authentication.
— Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for device access.
— Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).
— These keys are not transmitted over wireless. Other parameters are
transmitted over wireless which in combination with certain
information known to the device, can generate the keys.
— Further encryption can be done at the application layer.

16
 A Comparison

WLAN

17
 Bluetooth vs. IrD
• Bluetooth
— Point to Multipoint
— Data & Voice
— Easier Synchronization due
to omni-directional and no
LOS requirement
— Devices can be mobile
— Range 10 m
•IrD
—Point to point
—Intended for Data
Communication
—Infrared, LOS communication
—Can not penetrate solid objects
—Both devices must be stationary,
for synchronization
—Range 1 m
18
 Future of Bluetooth

• Success of Bluetooth depends on how well it is integrated into

consumer products
— Consumers are more interested in applications than the technology
— Bluetooth must be successfully integrated into consumer products
— Must provide benefits for consumer
— Must not destroy current product benefits

• Key Success Factors

— Interoperability
— Mass Production at Low Cost
— Ease of Use
— End User Experience
19
 Summary

• A new global standard for data and voice

• Eliminate Cables
• Low Power, Low range, Low Cost network devices
• Future Improvements
— Master-Slave relationship can be adjusted dynamically for optimal
resource allocation and utilization.
— Adaptive, closed loop transmit power control can be implemented
to further reduce unnecessary power usage.

20
Thank You

21