A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VEGETABLE

PRODUCTION IN PRE AND POST ECONOMIC

REFORM IN INDIA

PRESENTED BY

Md Rustum Ali1, Dr. Nizamuddin Khan2

1Research Scholar, 2Professor

Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University

 Introduction
•Horticulture, an indispensable part of economic activity
•Offers wide rang of choices to the farmers
•vegetable farming is the most chosen economic
activities especially among small and marginal farmers
•Vegetable farming provides higher income and
employment round the year
•Being high-value economic activity any study on
vegetables bears immense significance in the
geographical research
 Objectives

• To examine the productivity status in India

• To compare the trends, patterns and levels of
vegetable production in pre and post
economic reform in India
 Database and Methodology
• Secondary sources of data- collected from different sources
• Simple statistical tools were used
• ‘Pre-economic reform’ phase (1961-1991)
• ‘Post-economic reform’ phase (199-2017).
• CAGR and AAGR have been calculated
• Formula used:
• CAGR1 = {(EV/BV) ^ (1/Y0)-1}
• AAGR2 = ∑ AGR/Yn
• AGR3 = (EV/BV)-1
1Compound Annual Growth Rate
2Annual Average Growth Rate
3Annual Growth Rate

Wherein EV = End Value, BV= Beginning Value, Y0 = Difference of Year, Yn =No. of Years
 Results and Discussion
• over 70 types of vegetables are grown
• 10-12 vegetables are more popular and found
across the country
• Three major vegetables including Potato,
tomato and onion contributes more than ½ of
the total vegetable production in India.
 Area, Production & Productivity of Some Selected
Vegetables in India (2017)
Items Area Production Productivity
(in million ha) ('000 million Tonne) Tonne/ha
Potato 2.15 (20.89) 48.23 (27.38) 22.4
Onion 1.29 (12.56) 21.71 (12.33) 16.8
Tomato 0.79 (7.76) 19.54 (11.09) 24.5
Brinjal 0.72 (7.06) 12.32 (6.99) 17.0
Peas Green 0.54 (5.25) 5.25 (2.98) 9.9
Okra/Ladys 0.50 (4.87) 5.78 (3.28) 11.5
Cabbage 0.39 (3.83) 8.72 (4.95) 22.1
Green Chilli 0.29 (2.84) 3.39 (1.92) 11.6
Beans (Green) 0.23 (2.23) 2.40 (1.37) 10.4
Tapioca 0.20 (1.97) 4.42 (2.51) 21.8
Other Vegetables 3.16 (30.74) 44.38 (25.19) 14.02
Total 10.29 (100) 176.17 (100) 17.11
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, 2017
 Decade wise Area and Production of
Total Vegetables in India (1961-2017)
Year Area Production Productivity
(million ha) (million T) (T/ha)
1961 2.78 18.47 6.64
1971 3.58 26.98 7.53
1981 4.40 37.44 8.50
1991 4.86 49.97 10.28
2001 6.02 78.90 13.10
2011 8.49 146.55 17.25
2017 10.29 176.17 17.11
Data Source: Vegetable Stat (2013), IIVR and www.indiastat.com
 Growth Performance
Annual Average Growth in Pre and Post
Economic Reform in India
7
6
Growth in Percentage

5
1961-91
1991-2017
4
3
2
1
0
Area Production Productivity
 Decade wise annual compound growth rate of
vegetables in India (1961-2017)
Year Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR)
Area Production Productivity
1961 * * *
1971 2.56% 3.86% 1.27%
1981 2.09% 3.33% 1.22%
1991 0.99% 2.93% 1.92%
2001 2.17% 4.67% 2.45%
2011 3.50% 6.39% 2.79%
2017 3.25% 3.12% -0.13%
Source: Computed by the author using Vegetable Statistics (2013), IIVR & www.indiastat.com data.
 Change in the production of some Selected
Vegetables in India During 1993-2017
Share in Total
Vegetables Production (Mt) Change in Production
Production
Quantity
1993 2017 Per cent 1993 2017
(Mt)
Brinjal 5.92 7.27 1.35 23 11.18 4.13

Cauliflower 3.24 * * * 6.12 *

Cabbage 3.28 8.72 5.44 166 6.19 4.95

Potato 19.29 48.23 28.94 150 36.42 27.38
Tomato 4.63 19.54 14.91 322 8.74 11.09
Okra 2.77 5.78 3.01 109 5.23 3.28
Peas 1.54 5.25 3.71 241 2.91 2.98
Onion 4.92 21.71 16.79 341 9.29 12.32
Others 7.37 59.68 52.31 710 13.92 33.87
Total 52.96 176.18 123.22 233 100.00 100.00
Source: Computed by the author using Indiasta.com data
Note: * Data not available
Regional Pattern of Vegetable Production

Vegetable
Deficient
region
Comprises
whole
Central
Western
part except
Gujarat
and Entire
N-E states
Productivity Level of Vegetables in India
•India has secured second position in terms of total
production
•far behind in terms of productivity in comparison to
developed countries
Items Potato Tomat Brinjal Cabbage Caulifl Onion All
o ower

Production 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Rank

Productivity 4 11 8 8 5 7 10

Source: Vegetable Statistics (2013), IIVR

State wise Productivity of Vegetables
in India
 Conclusion
• During the pre-reform era due attention has not been given to the
horticultural sector and as a result a sluggish growth has been recorded
during that period. But in the post-reform time much attention has given to
horticulture sector which caused a tremendous growth of vegetable
production. And subsequently, India become the second largest vegetable
producer in the world.
• But if we genuinely observe the fact, we will find that this huge growth in
vegetable production in the post reform time is not only the result of
improvement in the productivity level, rather it is the result of huge
expansion of the area under vegetables.
• Hence, there is an urgent need for the reorientation of priorities with much
greater emphasis on productivity improvement and reduction of post
harvest loss.
• It not only provides livelihood opportunities to the majority of Indian
population but also resolves the food security issues in the country. It
contributes considerably on the export front and has forward and backward
linkages with the industrial sector.